We discuss a method to populate ontologies with the use of googled text fragments. We populate an ontology by the use of hand-crafted domain-specific relation patterns, which can be seen as a generalization of Hearst patterns. The algorithm described uses instances of some class returned by Google to find instances of other classes. A case study on populating an ontology on the movie domain is ...

The subject of interest in the article are handwritten newspapers Teodor Ostrowski from 1782. aim presented analyses was to examine basic category truth for information (press) releas and indicate its linguistic exponents. adopted a mediolinguistic perspective, referred semantics pragmatics combined with field press texts concept „factual pact”. As typical exponents credibility, reliability, st...

In modern Chinese, the verb “至于” (zhì yú) exhibits prominent subjective language characteristics. Apart from indicating degree, differs semantically other words in semantic field of “degree” by emphasizing unexpected outcomes a point view. The subjectivity speaker’s perspective, emotions and expressions “I think” attitudes disapproval towards other’s behavior are conveyed. selection sentence st...

The output data from a structure is the building block for output-only modal analysis. The structure response in the output data, however, is usually contaminated with noise. Naturally, the success of output-only methods in determining the modal parameters of a structure depends on noise level. In this paper, the possibility and accuracy of identifying the modal parameters of a simply supported...

This paper presents ‘source’ as the distinctive feature for a twofold semantic categorization for Chinese modal expressions. Previous studies have characterized Chinese modals as words used to express the speaker’s opinion or attitude. Yet given the absence of morphological and syntactic distinctions in Chinese, there has been little consensus among different accounts as to within what limit th...

This study, based on a corpus of Chinese EFL learners’ writing, has investigated their use modal verbs at levels 1 to 7 according the China’s Standards English Language Ability (CSE). The results quantitative and qualitative analyses indicate that: 1) learners CSE 1-7 more in writing than native MICUSP; 2) they consistently overuse CAN, WILL SHOULD but underuse WOULD across levels; 3) salient f...

since the verbs of and have similar use and play an important role in arabic grammar, it was useful to study both and discuss about their functions. following the discussion we found that there is five different functions for :first, it is an imperfect verb, (that give the noun an nominative case and the comment an objective case) arabic grammar experts disagree if it has a verb function or a n...

the present paper sets out to investigate the syntactic category of persian modals, šâyad ‘perhaps’ and bâyad ‘must’. the syntactic category of the two modal elements has been viewed differently by different scholars. a number of scholars argue that both šâyad and bâyad are modal auxiliaries, while others claim that they both are modal adverbs. we propose that šâyad is a modal adverb and bâyad ...

Two experiments assessed the membership functions that German speakers assign to 12 adverb phrases and 17 modal verb forms that express probability assessments. These expressions fall largely into three rather homogeneous classes. The membership functions are used as part of the semantic knowledge base of the natural language dialog system PRACMA, one of whose purposes is to model pragmatic and...

It is a cross-linguistically robust fact that the same modal auxiliaries come in different flavors: epistemic, deontic, ability, teleological... This fact is neatly captured in a system where each modal has a single lexical entry, where the difference in flavor comes from contextuallyprovided accessibility relations (cf. Lewis 1973, Kratzer 1981). Equally robust, however, are the phenomena that...