Markov decision process (MDP) provides the foundations for a number of problems, such as artificial intelligence studying, automated planning and reinforcement learning. MDP can be solved efficiently in theory. However, for large scenarios, more investigations are needed to reveal practical algorithms. Algorithms for solving MDP have a natural concurrency. In this paper, we present parallel alg...

Bone scintigraphy with 99mTc diphosphonates may exhibit extraosseous lesions in addition to metastatic lesions. Multiple factors can affect extraosseous 99mTc methylene diphosphonate (MDP) uptake. Similar uptake pattern of 99mTc MDP and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F FDG) in hepatic metastasis was not already notified. In our case, initial tumor necrosis and subsequent intracellular calcif...

Muramyl dipeptide, N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine-D-isoglutamine (MDP), is the minimal biologically active subunit of bacterial peptidoglycan and elicits an acute inflammation in vivo. We now report that MDP is degraded by normal rat serum into its constituents, N-acetylmuramic acid and L-alanine-D- isoglutamine. The dipeptide is further degraded into its components L-alanine and D-isoglutamine. The...

We present an application of ABS algorithms for multiple sequence alignment (MSA). The Markov decision process (MDP) based model leads to a linear programming problem (LPP), whose solution is linked to a suggested alignment. The important features of our work include the facility of alignment of multiple sequences simultaneously and no limit for the length of the sequences. Our goal here is to ...

The aim of this work was to assess ten-year trends (1999-2010) of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) among the Balearic Islands' adult population. Two independent cross-sectional dietary surveys (1999-2000, n = 1200 and 2009-2010 n = 1388, including participants aged 16-65 years) were carried out in the Balearic Islands, Spain. Dietary habits were assessed by means of two 24 h...

We investigate propagation of chaos for mean field Markov Decision Process with common noise (CMKV-MDP), and when the optimization is performed over randomized open-loop controls on infinite horizon. first state a rate convergence order MNγ, where MN in Wasserstein distance empirical measure, γ ∈ (0,1] an explicit constant, limit value functions N-agent control problem asymmetric controls, towa...

PULMONARY UPTAKE OF MDP Radionuclide bone scanning is now a standard technique in the staging of many malignancies. Probably the most frequent application is in screening patients with known primary malignancy and potential bone metastases. In primary malignant bone tumours, bone scanning is also useful with images often showing the lesion to be more extensive than was suspected from radiograph...

Since the emergence of Artificial Intelligence as a field, planning under uncertainty has been viewed as one of its crucial subareas. Accordingly, the current lack of scalability of probabilistic planning techniques is a major reason why the grand vision of AI has not been fulfilled yet. Besides being an obstacle to advances in AI, scalability issues also hamper the applicability of probabilist...