Despite the suggestion that reduced energy expenditure may be a key contributor to the obesity pandemic, few studies have tested whether acutely reduced energy expenditure is associated with a compensatory reduction in food intake. The homeostatic mechanisms that control food intake and energy expenditure remain controversial and are thought to act over days to weeks. We evaluated food intake i...

BACKGROUND Sleep has been associated with the regulation of energy balance, yet the relation between sleep stages and energy expenditure remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate the relation between sleep stages and energy expenditure, with sleep stage and overnight energy expenditure patterns taken into account. DESIGN Thirteen subjects aged (mean ± SD) 24.3 ± 2.5 y with...

abstract the present study attempted to experimentally analyze the effect of fiscal illusion in the form of flypaper effect on spending demand levels of provincial governments in iran. to this aim, theoretical foundations and literature review were presented, and then the model used for investigation was specified. finally, using time series data for provinces of iran during 2000-2013 estimatio...

Background Globally, insufficient information exists on the costs of nursing agencies, which are temporary employment service providers that supply nurses to health establishments and/or private individuals. Objective The aim of the study was to determine the utilisation and direct costs of nursing agencies in the South African public health sector. Design A survey of all nine provincial health...

introduction all nations are striving for development. economic development is one of the main parts of development process, but not all of it. populations health is one of the main factors of economic development, and child’s mortality is one of the main factors of population health status. the aim of this study is investigating the role of socioeconomic disparties in under 5 mortality in east...

BACKGROUND There is need for the Uganda Ministry of Health to understand predictors of primary health care pharmaceutical expenditure among districts in order to guide budget setting and to improve efficiency in allocation of the set budget among districts. METHODS Cross sectional, retrospective observational study using secondary data. The value of pharmaceuticals procured by primary health ...

BACKGROUND Healthcare system reform of Sanming city has become a leading healthcare reform model in China. It has developed a rigorous pharmaceutical reform consisted of the Zero Mark-up Drug Policy and the Centralized Procurement of Medicine Policy to bring down drug expenses and total health expenditures. However, despite the credit and much attention have been given to Sanming's pharmaceutic...