An np-Si microwire array coupled with a two-layer catalyst film consisting of Ni–Mo nanopowder and TiO2 light-scattering nanoparticles has been used to simultaneously achieve high fill factors and lightlimited photocurrent densities from photocathodes that produce H2(g) directly from sunlight and water. The TiO2 layer scattered light back into the Si microwire array, while optically obscuring t...

We present computationally efficient and accurate semiempirical models of light transfer for real-time analysis of multilayer fluorescing media exposed to normally incident excitation light. The model accounts for absorption and strong forward scattering as well as for internal reflection at the interface between the medium and the surrounding air. The absorption and scattering coefficients are...

Porphyrin YD2-o-C8-based dyes were employed to sensitize room-temperature (RT) chemical-assembled ZnO aggregated anodes for use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). To reduce the acidity of the YD2-o-C8 dye solution, the proton in the carboxyl group of a porphyrin dye was replaced with tetrabuthyl ammonium (TBA⁺) in this work. The short-circuit current density (Jsc) of the YD2-o-C8-TBA-sensit...

The optical antennas have the potential in various applications because of their field enhancement and directivity control. The directivity of a dipole antenna can be improved by directivity-enhanced Raman scattering structure, which is a combination of a dipole antenna and a ring reflector layer on a ground plane. The concentric rings can collect the light into the center hole. Depending upon ...

We report results for the temperature profiles of turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC) in the interior of a cylindrical sample of aspect ratio Γ≡D/L=0.50 (D and L are the diameter and height, respectively). Both in the classical and in the ultimate state of RBC we find that the temperature varies as A×ln(z/L)+B, where z is the distance from the bottom or top plate. In the classical state,...

Beginning from the first neutron spin-echo study of the shape fluctuations of mi-croemulsion droplets [J.] these experiments are incorrectly interpreted in the literature. This is due to an inappropriate account for the fluctuations and the erroneous application of the original theory to the description of the experiments (see [V. Lisy and B. Bru-tovsky, Czech J. Phys. 50, 239 (2000)]). In the ...

Here, we present a concept based on the realization that a complex medium can be used as a simple interferometer. Changes in the wavefront of an incident coherent beam can be retrieved by analyzing changes in speckle patterns when the beam passes through a light diffuser. We demonstrate that the spatial intensity correlations of the speckle patterns are independent of the light diffusers, and a...

Rayleigh-Bloch (RB) waves in elasticity, in contrast to those in scalar wave systems, appear to have had little attention. Despite the importance of RB waves in applications, their connections to trapped modes and the ubiquitous nature of diffraction gratings, there has been no investigation of whether such waves occur within elastic diffraction gratings for the in-plane vector elastic system. ...