We simulate the liquid silicon surface with first-principles molecular dynamics in a slab geometry. We find that the atom-density profile presents a pronounced layering, similar to those observed in low-temperature liquid metals like Ga and Hg. The depth-dependent pair correlation function shows that the effect originates from directional bonding of Si atoms at the surface, and propagates into ...

Understanding the behavior of ionic liquids (ILs) either confined between rough surfaces or in rough nanoscale pores is of great relevance to extend studies performed on ideally flat surfaces to real applications. In this work we have performed an extensive investigation of the structural forces between two surfaces with well-defined roughness (<9 nm RMS) in 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trif...

The Recursive Network Architecture (RNA) explores the relationship of layering to protocol and network architecture. RNA examines the implications of using a single, tunable protocol for different layers of the protocol stack, reusing basic protocol operations across different protocol layers to avoid reimplementation. Its primary goal is to encourage cleaner cross-layer interaction and to supp...

A Yorkshire terrier (case 1) and a Miniature Schnauzer (case 2) were diagnosed with pylorogastric intussusceptions (PGIs). Both cases showed acute vomiting and had previous histories of laparotomy. In case 1, the invaginated pyloric wall was thickened unevenly containing multiple hypoechoic areas and had indistinct wall layering on ultrasonography. PGI with diffuse gastric edema and necrosis wa...

The surface normal structure of the mercury liquid-vapor interface has been investigated by measuring the x-ray reflectivity out to a momentum transfer of qz ­ 2.5 Å . The results provide direct experimental proof of surface layering in liquid metals. The layer spacing is given by the atomic dimensions of the Hg atoms. The minimum layer width agrees well with the predictions of capillary wave t...

– Dynamics of spreading of viscous non volatile fluid droplets on surfaces is modelled using a solid on solid model, which is studied with Monte Carlo simulations. Tendency for dynamical layering and surface attraction are in part embedded into the effective dynamics of the model. This allows a description of the spreading process with a single parameter, which strongly influences the morpholog...

“Layering” is a visualisation technique that enables basic relationships between software system components to be overlaid with the results of more sophisticated design recovery analyses. Layering can be implemented via a simple presentation tool, to which the results of different analysers can be coupled. Knowledge-based analysis technology can be extended to support Ada83-Ada95 conversion. Ta...

Resolution-based provers for multimodal normal logics require pruning of the search space for a proof in order to deal with the inherent intractability of the satisfiability problem for such logics. We present a clausal modal-layered hyper-resolution calculus for the basic multimodal logic, which divides the clause set according to the modal depth at which clauses occur. We show that the calcul...