On a short-term basis, the efficiency of nutrient use for milk production is primarily dependent on the milk production level. As milk yield increases, a lower proportion of total feed intake is used for maintenance (a non-productive requirement that is more or less constant) of the cow. A cow producing 12 kg/d of milk is using about 50% of available nutrients for milk synthesis, whereas the co...

Contact Information: Andrew Shim, PharmD, JD, MAM; email: [email protected] Among insured patients, out-of-pocket costs for biologics may be high. Previous research suggests higher cost-sharing for biologics is associated with higher rates of abandonment (failure to pick up a filled prescription at the pharmacy). Higher out-of-pocket costs also may affect medication persistency (continuat...

in the research the genetic investigation productive and reproductive traits and changes trend the traits in years, seasons and different lactation periods and genetic evaluation cows and bulls of 785 records for milk and 665 records for fat yield and reproductive information during years 1998 to 2003 of 207 dairy cows ghezlagh farm aboureyhan campus (university of tehran) studied. the least sq...

Cows (n = 21), dried off for a minimum of 45 days, and nulliparous heifers (n = 26), at ages > 18 months old, were placed on a 12-day Lactation Induction (LI) protocol. One group of animals (including both cows and heifers) received 3-minute mammary gland stimulation, along with the LI protocol. Another group, again including both cows and heifers, received no stimulation. Only the LI protocol ...

Emphasis on milk yield (MY) as well as milk yield persistency (MYP) and calving interval (CI) is necessary to achieve more sustainable productionin dairy cattle. Therefore the main objective of this study was to find an optimum regression model to estimate economic values for MY, MYP and CI.Using a deterministic bio-economic model, seventyfiveproduction states differing mainly in MY, MYPand CIw...