Achillea millefolium L. is cultivated in Iran and widely used in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of A. millefolium on the contraction and relaxation of isolated ileum in rat. In this experimental study, aerial parts of A. millefolium were extracted by maceration in ethanol 70% for 72 h. Terminal por...

Mast cells are found close to surfaces that interface with the external environment, particularly skin, respiratory, and digestive systems. The number of mast at a given site can vary depending on host's location immunologic status. This study was undertaken determine their heterogeneity in broilers' ileum during post-hatching period. were studied tissue 0-, 7-, 21- 42-day old broilers. stained...

1. The aim of this study was the pharmacological characterization of tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptors mediating contraction in the circular muscle of the guinea-pig ileum and proximal colon. The action of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and of the synthetic agonists [Sar9]SP sulphone, [Glp6,Pro9]SP(6-11) (septide) and [beta Ala8]NKA(4-10) was investigated. The affinities of various peptide...

Anethum graveolens L. is a member of the Apiaceae family and more commonly known as dill. Dill has been used for gastrointestinal ailments such as flatulence, indigestion, stomach ache and colic. It has therapeutic effects such as mucosal protective, antisecretory, antimicrobial, antispasmodic, antihypercholesterolaemic and antihyperlipidaemic. The aim of our study was to examine the effects of...

We have studied the role of M(2) and M(3) muscarinic receptors in acetylcholine-mediated desensitization of the contractile response to histamine in the guinea pig ileum. Treatment of the isolated ileum with acetylcholine (30 microM) for 20 min caused a marked desensitization of the contractile response to histamine. When measured 5 min after washout of acetylcholine, the EC(50) value of histam...

The actions of adenosine, adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), 2-methylthio adenosine diphosphate ADP (2-MeSADP), 2-methylthio ATP (2-MeSATP), alpha,beta-methylene ATP (alpha,beta-meATP) and uridine triphosphate (UTP) on isolated segments of mouse stomach (fundus), duodenum, ileum and colon were investigated. The localization of P2Y(1), P2Y(2), P2Y(4), P2X(1) and P2X(2) receptors and neuronal nitri...