Informal economy (IE) is second only to the US economy in size; however, the role of ICT in IE remains largely unexplored. In this study, we conduct an empirical analysis of the role of ICT in IE growth. With PLS analysis involving more than 100 nations, we show that ICT products and software piracy may play important roles in IE growth, that impact of ICT and other determinants on IE growth re...

With minimal sleight of hand, it is possible to transform the recent growth experience of the People’s Republic of China from the extraordinary into the mundane. Systematic understatement of inflation by enterprises accounts for 2.5 percent growth per year in the nonagricultural economy during the first two decades of the reform period (1978–98). The usual suspects (i.e., rising participation r...

The sharing economy will blur the distinctions between renting and owning a wide variety of durable products. The first great entrepreneurial (Neolithic) revolution transformed hunter-gatherers into fixed agriculturalists. The second (Industrial) revolution dramatically reduced the costs of owning products. The third (Transactions Costs) revolution will reduce the costs of exchange, fostering a...

Money demand determinants vary in every economy. There are many studies about Iran money demand function, which employed different variables and estimation methods. In this study, broad money (M2) is dependent variable and GDP, interest rate, exchange rate and household religious costs are descriptive variables. Household religious costs (urban and rural) are included in Iran money demand funct...

The high inflation, unemployment rate, and production reduction are apparent characteristics of the current state Iran’s economy. Therefore, studying solutions for relationship with other countries broader exposure to international trade is crucial. However, in situation sanctions, few can establish a free economic Iran, Russia one most important this context. article aims investigate history p...

the study of the role of money in the economy of developing countries, and its impact on economic variables, analysis of monetary policies, and other related issues are of paramount importance in economic planning. considering the above-mentioned points and also the realities of iranian economy, it is quite vital to scientifically specify the long-term trend of money supply through investigatio...

The evolution of building codes typically produce design provisions that are expected to create safer and more accurate designs. We as engineers expect building codes to advance the state of the art with each successive edition. The 2009 International Building Code (IBC) and the Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) have significant revisions affecting the design of ti...

â â â  â â â â â  the main purpose of present study is to analyze the relationship between stock and exchange markets in two asian countries, iran and south korea. a monthly time series of stock price and exchange rate are used over the period 2002: 05 - 2012: 03. the data is collected from the central bank of each country and wdi. the calculated stock return and real exchange rate change are u...