Abstract Background Open globe injury (OGI) is one of the most devastating form ocular trauma. The aim study to identify epidemiology and predict visual outcomes in traumatic open injuries using trauma score (OTS) correlate with final acuity (VA) at 3 months. Methods Patients older than 5 years, presenting B.P. Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic Studies (BPKLCOS) from March 2016- 2017 OGI that...

intravitreal injection is the most common approach for drug delivery to the posterior segment in humans. however, following the injection, drugs are rapidly eliminated from the vitreous, with half-lives up to a few days. depending on the rate of clearance from the vitreous, large boluses and frequent administrations may be required to ensure therapeutic levels over an extended period of time. m...

traocular proliferations with intravitreal steroids. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1979;77:171-180. 2. Gillies MC, Simpson JM, Luo W, et al. A randomized clinical trial of a single dose of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: one-year results. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003;121:667-673. 3. Park CH, Glenn JJ, Fekrat S. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide in e...

Tropicamide (muscarinic receptor antagonist) and phenylephrine (α-adrenergic receptor agonist) are commonly used to dilate the pupils by topical application. These two eye drops are often used, singly or in combination, to dilate the pupil and perform acute light-evoked physiological experiments (electroretinography, for example), before and after intravitreal injections of pharmacological agen...

Objectives: To see the effects of Intra-Vitreal Diclofenac injection (IVD) in refractory Diabetic Macular Edema (DME).
 Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.
 Place and Duration Study: Retina Clinic, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan from Sep 2019 to Feb 2020.
 Methodology: Patients included study having Clinically Significant (CSME) with Central Thickness (CMT) ...

The use of intravitreal (IVT) corticosteroids for treatment of posterior segment diseases has increased significantly over the last decade. A commonly recognized complication of IVT steroids is secondary ocular hypertension (OHT) that can occur immediately secondary to direct intraocular volume increase or weeks to months later as a result of increased outflow resistance. We performed a meta-an...

Topic This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a summary of the efficacy safety ranibizumab biosimilars relative to reference anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for treatment neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods We conducted searches from January 2003 August 2022 on Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE Cochrane Controlled Register Trials. included studies re...

Diabetic macular edema (DME) resembles a chronic, low-grade inflammatory reaction, and is characterized by blood-retinal barrier (BRB) breakdown and retinal capillary leakage. Corticosteroids are of therapeutic benefit because of their anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and BRB-stabilizing properties. Delivery modes include periocular and intravitreal (via pars plana) injection. To offset the s...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of intravitreal chemotherapeutic agents in the rabbit eye for the potential treatment of primary intraocular lymphoma and other intraocular malignancies. METHODS The ocular pharmacokinetics of intravitreal methotrexate sodium (400 microg) was studied in 10 New Zealand white rabbits, and a single-compartment, first-order elimination mo...

Man’s invasion into the sacred inner space of the eyethe vitreous cavity began around the same time he was attempting to invade the outer space i.e. in the 1950s. Von Sallman in1944 demonstrated the efficacy of Intravitreal antibiotics in a study in which he successfully cured endophthalmitis in rabbits by Intravitreal Penicillin injection. And thus began the era of Intravitreal antibiotics. Fi...