We have tested whether immunoglobulin light chain variable region genes are capable of directing initiation of transcription without undergoing the DNA rearrangement which creates a complete immunoglobulin gene. Two human Vk genes specifically initiated transcription in vitro at a site which is approximately 30 bases downstream of a TATA box and 20 bases upstream of the initiation codon. A Vk p...

The trust-region subproblem minimizes a general quadratic function over an ellipsoid and can be solved in polynomial time using a semidefinite-programming (SDP) relaxation. Intersecting the feasible set with a second ellipsoid results in the two-trust-region subproblem (TTRS). Even though TTRS can also be solved in polynomial-time, existing algorithms do not use SDP. In this paper, we investiga...

To date the primary focus of most constrained approximate optimization strategies is that application of the method should lead to improved designs. Few researchers have focused on the development of constrained approximate optimization strategies that are assured of converging to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) point for the problem. Recent work by the authors based on a trust region model manageme...

A series of lambda+ murine hybridomas were derived from a BALB/c mouse after a single injection of anti-lambda 2 antibodies coupled to LPS. Nine lambda B cell clones (five lambda 2 and four lambda 3) were expected and seven reacted with antibodies specific for the C lambda 2 constant region but showed a particular isoelectric spectrum. Their RNA products did not hybridize with the V lambda prob...

Humoral immunity is a critical component of the immune system that is established during fetal life and expands upon exposure to pathogens. The extensive humoral immune response repertoire is generated in large part via immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain variable region diversity. The horse is a useful model to study the development of humoral diversity because the placenta does not transfer mater...

We have cloned two rearranged heavy chain variable region (VH) genes from the IgG-producing human cell line CESS. The VH gene, which is linked to the mu chain constant region (C mu) gene, has two deletions at residues 45-62 and 82A-90, the former of which corresponds closely to the second complementarity-determining region (CDR2). These results could indicate that translocation of CDR2 occurred...

Received 24 October 2006 Accepted 17 April 2007 The first 84 nt in the 39 non-translated region (39 NTR) of dengue type 1 virus (DENV-1) exhibit lower levels of conservation than the other regions; this region is named the variable region (VR). The VR is further divided into two subregions: a 59-terminal hypervariable region (HVR) and a 39-terminal semi-variable region (SVR). Recent reports sug...

The first 84 nt in the 3' non-translated region (3' NTR) of dengue type 1 virus (DENV-1) exhibit lower levels of conservation than the other regions; this region is named the variable region (VR). The VR is further divided into two subregions: a 5'-terminal hypervariable region (HVR) and a 3'-terminal semi-variable region (SVR). Recent reports suggested that the VR of DENV-2 is required for eff...

abstract: chronic lymphocyte leukemia (cll) is the most common leukemia in elderly individuals that is accompanied by the presence of cd5/cd19/cd20/cd23 positive, fmc7 negative and reduced levels of surface membrane immunoglobuline (igm & igd), cd79b on b lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow and lymph nodes. remarkably, based on the mutational igvh status, b-cll cases can be subdivided into tw...