We established a differentiation method for homogeneous α7 integrin-positive human skeletal muscle stem cell (α7⁺hSMSC)-derived osteoblast-like (α7⁺hSMSC-OB) cells, and found that interleukin (IL)-1β induces matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13-regulated proliferation of these cells. These data suggest that MMP-13 plays a potentially unique physiological role in the regeneration of osteoblast-like...

During immune-complex-mediated arthritis (ICA), severe cartilage destruction is mediated by Fcgamma receptors (FcgammaRs) (mainly FcgammaRI), cytokines (e.g. IL-1), and enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)). IL-13, a T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine abundantly found in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, has been shown to reduce joint inflammation and bone destruction during exp...

Particle inhalation-induced lung inflammation acts as an adjuvant to allergens or respiratory viral infection in a process that is mediated by macrophages and epitheliums. The production of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 by activated T cells is involved in the augmentation of Th2-type immune responses to particles, and IL-25 induces the synthesis of IL-4 and IL-13. However, whether IL-13 and IL-2...

BACKGROUND Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps is characterized by local inflammation and is categorized into two subtypes in Japan: eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis, and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of key transcription factors for Treg and Th1/Th2/Th17 cells, in relation to the mRNA expression of representative ...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of water-soluble extracts of Banxiaxiexin decoction, a classical traditional Chinese medicine formulation, on BALB/c mice with experimentally induced ulcerative colitis (UC). Water-soluble extracts of Banxiaxiexin decoction were intragastrically administered to BALB/c mice with oxazolone (OXA)-induced colitis. Sulfasalazine...

objective: astrocytes are the most abundant glial cell type. they may promote or inhibit cns inflammation depending on which cytokines are secreted. astrocytes also have immune roles. il-19, il-20, and il-24 activate a heterodimer receptor composed of the il-20r1 α-chain and the il-20r2 β-chain. it has long been considered that signaling by these receptor complexes affects immunological reactio...

IL-13 is an immunoregulatory and effector cytokine in allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma. A variety of immune and non-immune cells are known as IL-13 producers. In this study we investigated whether and under what conditions human eosinophils generate IL-13. Freshly isolated highly purified peripheral blood eosinophils from patients with several eosinophilic inflammatory diseases and fr...

We designed class I/II hybrid inhibitory oligodeoxynucleotides (iODNs), called iSG, and found that the sequence 5'-TTAGGG-3', which has a six-base loop head structure, and a 3'-oligo (dG)3-5 tail sequence are important for potent immunosuppressive activity. Interestingly, splenocytes isolated from ovalbumin (OVA)-immunized mice and treated with iSG3 showed suppression of not only interleukin (I...

Background: It has been reported that vitamin D has broad anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Objective: To evaluate the effects of vitamin D on the expression of IL-27 and IL-33 in a model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Methods: EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant. The m...