Hoffmann syndrome is a rare form of hypothyroid myopathy in adults characterized by presence of muscle weakness, stiffness and pseudohypertrophy. We report a 39 year old male with primary hypothyroidism diagnosed at childhood and not on regular thyroxine therapy who presented with fatigue, cold intolerance, constipation, exertional breathlessness, progressive proximal muscle weakness and swelli...

the term reflex epilepsy in reserved for a small subgroup o seizures that occur regularly in response to specific stimuli. our patient is a 20- year old male, who had pleasure, euphoria, loss of conciousness and generalized tonic- clonic convulstion when he watched tv since ten years. during puberty the patient that self-induced reflex epilepsy with photic stimulation, when watching tv or looki...

profound bradycardia during eye surgery is a potentially serious event. in clinical practice oculo-cardiac reflex (ocr) is most often encountered during squint surgery. the objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of ocr and prove the effect of ketamine as an induction drug and anticholinergic premedication (atropine) to prevent ocr. this study comprised 90 patients (aged 4-10 years...