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The preservation of a pool of neural precursors is a prerequisite for proper establishment and maintenance of a functional central nervous system (CNS). Both Notch signaling and SoxB1 transcription factors have been ascribed key roles during this process, but whether these factors use common or distinct mechanisms to control progenitor maintenance is unsettled. Here, we report that the capacity...

tachycardias. In re-entrant VT, the ability of ATP to terminate the arrhythmia depends on the presence of an excitable gap (6) and on the capability of the impulses to penetrate this gap. The main limiting factor for penetrating the excitable gap is the distance to the circuit; therefore, a long burst or a short-pacing CL is needed to reach the FVT circuits. The first burst that we selected was...

During the organ transplantation process, conservation solutions must address responses to the physiologic organ preservation and prevent ischemia-reperfusion injuries. The use of colloids seems beneficial especially for long ischemia time compared to the impermeant molecules used for short time. The colloids family includes molecules as hydroxyethyl starch (HES), albumin, dextran or polyethyle...

The Hamburg/ESO survey (HES; [4]) is an objective-prism survey for bright quasars based on IIIa-J plates taken with the ESO Schmidt telescope and its 4◦ prism. It covers the total southern extragalactic sky (δ <+2◦. 5; |b| & 30◦). All 380 Schmidt plates (effective area ∼ 7 000 square degrees) have been taken, and have been digitized and reduced in Hamburg. The spectral range of the HES plates i...

The first fully synthetic polymer-based approach for red-blood-cell cryopreservation without the need for any (toxic) organic solvents is reported. Highly hydroxylated block copolymer worms are shown to be a suitable replacement for hydroxyethyl starch as a extracellular matrix for red blood cells. When used alone, the worms are not a particularly effective preservative. However, when combined ...

INTRODUCTION Pulse pressure variation predicts fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients passively adapted to the ventilator. Its usefulness in actively breathing ventilated patients was examined only by few studies with potential methodological shortcomings. This study sought to describe the performance of pulse pressure variation as a predictor of fluid responsiveness in hypote...

This experiment evaluated the hydrogen ion (H+) buffering capacity (BC) of solutions and alkalizing agents employed during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). A solution's BC can be determined when a known quantity of H+ is titrated into the solution and the change () in pH (-log of the hydrogen ion activity ([H+]a)) is measured ([H+]a/mmole H+). Eleven solutions were studied:Lactated Ringers (LR), 0...

In 1984, Col. Ronald Bellamy launched a worldwide challenge to develop a new resuscitation fluid to aid survival after catastrophic blood loss on the battlefield. In 1996, after careful compromise among need, cube weight and efficacy, the US military and later coalition forces adopted 6% hetastarch (HES) fluids for early resuscitation. In the intervening years, evidence has amassed indicating t...

Isovolemic hemodilution does not appear to impair CO2 elimination nor cause CO2 retention despite the important role of red blood cells in blood CO2 transport. We studied this phenomenon and its physiological basis in eight New Zealand White rabbits that were anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated at a fixed minute ventilation. Isovolemic anemia was induced by simultaneous blood w...