non hodgkin lymphoma (nhl) constitutes 5% of all head & neck cancer. the incidence of it has been increased over the last four decades. one of main characteristic of nhl is extranodal presentation that has different pattern in various part of world. a retrospective was designed in a tertiary referral center. it has been done between january 1996 and march 2006. all clinical and pathological cha...

The Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) together with Image Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) improves radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. On the one hand tumors can be better covered with radiation dose and on the other hand normal tissue can be better preserved. Carefully applied this leads to the same tumor control rate with reduced toxicity compared with conventional radiatio...

BACKGROUND Non-sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinomas (NSNECs) of the head and neck are considered an unfrequent clinico-pathological entity. Combined modality treatment represents an established therapeutic option for undifferentiated forms where distant metastasis is a common pattern of failure. METHODS We report on a case of NSNEC treated with sequential chemo-radiation consisting of 6 cycles...

BACKGROUND Previous studies have established that radiation to the head and neck leads to atherosclerosis and stenosis of the carotid artery and subsequent increased stroke risk, but the ophthalmic sequella following cervical irradiation is less well-defined. CASE PRESENTATION We present a single case of branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) in a 55 year-old Caucasian male seen at the Univer...

Long-term radiotherapy-related complications in children with head and neck cancer have been frequently reported, especially facial growth disorders and dental abnormalities. We report on two male children (8 and 14 years old) with head and neck cancer, who were successfully treated with chemoradiotherapy and presented with growth deficiency of middle face and mandible hypoplasia, eight years a...

Introduction: Using backpacks has arisen complaints regarding musculoskeletal pains among students. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between demographic information and bag weight with Neck Disability Index (NDI), angles and head and neck postures among students. Material and Methods: This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted among 80 students ...

Severe xerostomia is a common late radiation consequence, which occurs after irradiation of head and neck malignancies. The aim of the present study was to analyze apoptosis and proliferation and their relationship during the late post-irradiation phase. C57BL/6 mice were locally irradiated in head and neck region with a single dose of 7.5 or 15 Gy and their submandibular glands were collected ...

Heterotopic calcification following head and neck irradiation has rarely been reported. It usually develops as a late complication of radiotherapy in patients with malignancies, including breast cancer, lymphoma, and genitourinary malignancies. The occurrence of heterotopic calcification in the prevertebral space of the cervical spine has not been described as a late complication of irradiation...

Complications of the surgery for head and neck cancer may be catastrophic or noncatastrophic. Recognition of this is frequently as important as the method of resolution. A general classification of complications as anatomic, physiologic, technical, and functional will aid in recognition and prevention of these problems in this difficult group of patients.