Understanding and modeling a world very different from that of today, for example, a much warmer world with a so-called ‘greenhouse’ climate, requires a thorough grasp of such processes as the carbon cycle, ocean circulation, and heat transport in the oceans – indeed it pushes the limits of our current conceptual and numerical models. A review of what we know of past greenhouse worlds reveals t...

Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosynthetic end products and related enzymes in source leaves in response to low sink demand after girdling to remove the root sink were assessed in young apple trees (Malus pumila) grown in two greenhouses with different air temperatures for 5 days. Compared with the non-girdled control in the low-temperature greenhouse (diurnal maximum air temperatur...

Soil properties and soil-atmosphere fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O from four coastal wetlands were studied throughout the year, namely, native Kandelia obovata mangrove forest vs. exotic Sonneratia apetala mangrove forest, and native Cyperus malaccensis salt marsh vs. exotic Spartina alterniflora salt marsh. Soils of the four wetlands were all net sources of greenhouse gases while Sonneratia forest...

BACKGROUND COPD is one of the most common chronic diseases, and more and more farmers who were frequently exposed to greenhouse environments were diagnosed with COPD. However, little information is available on the prevalence of COPD among the greenhouse farmers. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of COPD and investigate the potential risk factors for COPD among the Chinese green...

The purpose of the study was to compare the plasma cholinesterase (ChE) activities of 100 greenhouse workers and 43 fruitgrowers engaged in spraying insecticides with those of 113 slaughtermen who served as controls. The ChE activity in the greenhouse workers and fruitgrowers was not significantly lower than in the controls. Nevertheless the ChE activity of greenhouse workers declined with incr...

We posit that feasible reversal of the growth of atmospheric CH(4) and other trace gases would provide a vital contribution toward averting dangerous anthropogenic interference with global climate. Such trace gas reductions may allow stabilization of atmospheric CO(2) at an achievable level of anthropogenic CO(2) emissions, even if the added global warming constituting dangerous anthropogenic i...

In 2015, Earth experienced the start of a strong El Niño event. El Niño events are natural fluctuations of the climate system where unusually warm water accumulates in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. El Niño events are associated with abnormal weather patterns such as strong storms in some places and droughts or flooding in others. A typical El Niño event lasts 9 months to 2 years. This phenomeno...

importance of giving researchers the freedom to follow their curiosity, without being overburdened with administrative tasks and job insecurity. “She has done a lot for research and education in the region which she governs,” said one CNRS researcher who requested anonymity, continuing: “I will certainly vote for her from the first round on.” Sarkozy has also made his positions clear, giving a ...

The Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard provides a step-bystep guide for companies and government agencies to use in quantifying and reporting their GHG emissions. This set of standards was developed by the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Initiative, a partnership convened by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and the World Business Council for Sustainable Develop...