Because of the high water solubility in wadsleyite and ringwoodite, the mantle transition zone is possibly a large water reservoir. The potentially high water content of the Earth's mantle transition zone is a key element of several global mantle dynamic models. Nevertheless, to keep the transition zone relatively wet, the tendency for convection to distribute water over the entire mantle has t...

The transfer of large volumes fluid to the overriding lithosphere during flat-slab subduction should drastically alter physical and chemical properties continental margins. However, this process is poorly understood without active magmatism, direct evidence for has remained elusive in modern systems. New helium isotope ratios (3He/4He) gas species abundances thermal springs above Peruvian flat ...

We report on spectral-domain and time-domain measurements and numerical calculations of group velocities in a photonic crystal coupled waveguide, where the unique guided mode band structure has a flat band region within the photonic band gap allowing for slow light observation. The spectral dependence of group velocity, which is measured by interference method, indicates the existence of slow l...

We measure two-dimensional profiles of collimated microwave beams transmitted through composite wire and split-ring resonator prisms. Prior experiments suggest these structures have a negative index of refraction, though these claims have been questioned. Our 2D measurements demonstrate that transmission obeys Snell's law with a negative index, confirming the refractive nature of this signal an...

cold rolling process of a major transformation in the form of sheet metal and a wide range of steel products are produced in this way. elastic deformation during cold rolling working rollers and the inevitable increase in the rolling force. in this study, the effect of elastic deformation during cold rolling mill rollers working on the reciprocating back and forth in tandem with the presence of...

This study presents a detailed comparative analysis of flat slab structures with and without shear walls to evaluate their seismic performance, structural behavior, overall efficiency. Flat are widely used in modern construction due simplified formwork enhanced architectural flexibility. However, performance has been subject concern, especially regions prone activity. research involved numerica...

Photonic crystal slab line defect waveguides with slightly small innermost holes are theoretically expected to show light transmission with low-group-velocity and low-dispersion (LVLD) characteristics owing to a linear and almost flat photonic band. In this study, the LVLD characteristics of such waveguides were experimentally confirmed by using modulation phase shift measurement and transmissi...

Teleseismic converted phases are used to probe the composition of the downgoing oceanic crust as a function of depth along the Cocos slab in central and southern Mexico. Previously, modeling of the receiver function (RF) conversion amplitude of the flat Cocos slab beneath central Mexico at 45 km depth revealed a thin low-velocity upper oceanic crust of a thickness of 471 km, which has much lowe...

Test results of six half-scale reinforced concrete flat plates connections with an opening in the vicinity column are reported. The test specimens represent a portion slab bounded by lines contraflexure around column. tests were designed to study effect openings on punching shear behavior slab-column connections. parameters location and size openings. One specimen had no remaining five various ...

A class of folded ordered plasmonic dipole nanoresonators based on insulator-metal-insulator (IMI) slab waveguides is proposed and studied. This work is motivated by the development of a novel fabrication process that avoids the need for direct write nanolithography and instead relies on accessible UV lithography and other top-down parallel fabrication techniques that result in metallic dolmen ...