The present study quantified nasalward/temporalward biases in monocular optokinetic nystagmus (MOKN) and perceived velocity in patients with either early onset esotropia, late onset esotropia and in normals. MOKN was measured with low spatial frequency, small-field gratings drifting at 9.4 degrees/s. MOKN bias was quantified as the ratio of nasalward slow-phase velocity divided by the sum of te...

Purpose: To compare the long-term clinical outcomes of patients with refractive accommodative esotropia (RAET) and infantile (IET).Methods: The medical records RAET IET who were followed-up for more than 36 months retrospectively analyzed. prescribed spectacles to correct cycloplegic refraction those underwent bilateral, medial rectus recession. Visual acuity, refraction, angle esodeviation at ...

INTRODUCTION The aims of this study are to compare the binocular function following 7mm vs. standard (3.5 to 6.5mm) bilateral medial rectus recessions, and to determine whether timing of surgery or duration of misalignment prior to surgery impact on binocular function. Methods : Participants were 85 children with infantile esotropia: all had deviations of 50(Δ) or more and were followed for a m...

The optometric literature has begun to emphasize pediatric vision and vision development with the advent and prominence of the InfantSEETM program and recently published research articles on amblyopia, strabismus, emmetropization and the development of refractive errors. There are three conditions with which clinicians should be familiar. These three conditions include: esotropia, high refracti...

In order to evaluate the influence of etiology of amblyopia and of age at onset of amblyopia on the resulting constellation of spatial vision deficits, resolution/vernier and recognition/resolution acuity ratios were measured in groups of children with either strabismic amblyopia or anisometropic amblyopia with known ages of onset. Strabismic amblyopia with infantile onset (<9 months) and strab...

PURPOSE We investigated longitudinal changes of refractive error in children with accommodative esotropia (ET) throughout the first 12 years of life, its dependence on age at onset of ET, and whether amblyopia or anisometropia are associated with defective emmetropization. METHODS Longitudinal refractive errors in children with accommodative ET were analyzed retrospectively. Eligibility crite...