background: flow cytometry is a rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for determination of bacterial viability. here we assayed the capability of flow cytometry to detect helicobacter pylori viable cells in both forms of spiral and coccoid. methods: viable bacteria stained with rhodamin 123 and fluoresced with laser beam of 488nm. the rate of rh123 absorption was determined in both forms of bac...

*Correspondence: Herni Halim, Department of Environmental Management, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] HIGHLIGHTS • Highway traffic noise is a serious problem in Malaysia • Heavy traffic flow highway recorded higher noise level compared to low traffic flow • Noise level stabilized at certain n...

The use of multiple sampling areas in landscape genetic analysis has been recognized as a useful way to generalize the patterns of environmental effects on gene flow. It allows reducing the variability of inference, accounting for multiple scales and locations of study areas. Although several reviews have stressed the importance of this point, few studies have considered multiple sampling areas...

The present research proposes and optimizes the performance of a novel solar-driven combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) Kalina system for two seasons—winter and summer—based on exergy, exergo-economic, and exergo-environmental concepts applying a Non-dominated Sort Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) technique. Three criteria, i.e. daily exergy efficiency, total product cost rate, and to...

The present research proposes and optimizes the performance of a novel solar-driven combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) Kalina system for two seasons—winter and summer—based on exergy, exergo-economic, and exergo-environmental concepts applying a Non-dominated Sort Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) technique. Three criteria, i.e. daily exergy efficiency, total product cost rate, and to...

We use laboratory experiments to test three different water market institutions designed to incorporate instream flow values into the allocation. The institutions are (1) a baseline with fixed minimum flow constraints, (2) an environmental agent contributing to the cost of providing instream flows, and (3) creating an instream flow right in which an environmental agent can sell the right to red...

Organizational models within multi-agent systems literature are of a static nature. Depending upon circumstances adaptation of the organizational model can be essential to ensure a continuous successful function of the system. This paper presents an approach based on max flow networks to dynamically adapt organizational models to environmental fluctuation. First, a formal mapping between a well...

The concept of flow "fine" synthesis, that is, high yielding and selective organic synthesis by flow methods, is described. Some examples of flow "fine" synthesis of natural products and APIs are discussed. Flow methods have several advantages over batch methods in terms of environmental compatibility, efficiency, and safety. However, synthesis by flow methods is more difficult than synthesis b...

The environmental requirement of the river is the amount of water to maintain natural ecological conditions and health of quality of the river water. In this study, to estimate the environmental water requirement of Karoun River, Dez, Great Karoun and Beheshtabad sub-basin (upper Karoun) using hydrological Montana method and offers based on frequency analysis of hydrological flow normally and u...