Objective: The aim of this study is to show the ultrasound findings in different fetal brain anomalies and specify those which may raise the suspicion of associated extra cranial anomalies. Patients and Method: 60 pregnant women with suspected CNS fetal anomalies by 2D US were examined over a period of 18 months starting from November 2010 until May 2012. Fetal gestation ranged from 8-39 weeks ...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Central nervous system (CNS) anomalies are the most serious congenital abnormalities. Ultrasound examination is an effective and noninvasive modality for prenatal diagnosis of these anomalies. The purpose of the current study was to determine the frequency of CNS and associated abnormalities. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 22500 pregnant women who were referred by obstet...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The goals of this study are to: 1) investigate the urgency for repair of middle cranial fossa spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks in adults, and 2) review the literature and treatment recommendations for adult spontaneous CSF otorrhea. DATA SOURCES 1) All patients who were referred to a tertiary center with spontaneous CSF otorrhea, exposed middle cranial fossa d...

Objective. The cavum septi pellucidi (CSP) is routinely imaged in the fetal brain during obstetric sonography; in fact, for well over a decade, assessment of the CSP has been considered part of the required elements of a standard examination of fetal morphology in guidelines developed by multiple specialty societies. Our objective is to present the 4 reasons why all practicing sonologists and s...

AIM To describe the clinical spectrum of achiasmia, a congenital disorder of reduced relative decussation at the optic chiasm. METHODS A retrospective case note and patient review of nine children (four boys). Achiasmia was defined by the combination of a characteristic asymmetry of the monocular visual evoked potential (VEP) response to flash and neuroimaging showing reduced chiasmal size. ...

A study of 2620 pregnancies ending in spontaneous abortion revealed a CNS defect in 3.6% of embryos and fetuses, and 3% of all complete conceptuses. The type of malformation observed varied with the gestational age at expulsion, encephaloceles being predominant in earlier specimens, while more typical anencephalus and spina bifida were more common among later abortions. Chromosome abnormalities...

We present a full-term newborn infant who suffered from immediate postpartum severe respiratory distress. The infant had an inspiratory stridor as a result of a swelling of the soft palate, extending from the roof of the nasopharynx. Transoral endotracheal intubation resulted in normal saturation levels. Histologic examination after an open biopsy showed mature neuroglial tissue. Radiology demo...

Intravenous injection of pregnant mice with St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus at 8 days of gestation resulted in infection of the fetus. Progeny developed no antibody or tolerance to SLE virus since the viral antigen was cleared by maternal antibody before antibody-forming competence developed in the young. Temporary growth retardation was observed in a number of young at 3 weeks of age. After...

The MR imaging studies of 68 patients who had brain anomalies were reviewed retrospectively to evaluate specific anatomic abnormalities of the corpus callosum. The corpus callosum was abnormal in 32 (47%) of the 68 patients. Excluding patients with the Chiari I malformation, callosal anomalies were present in 30 (68%) of 44 patients. Callosal dysgenesis was most common, followed by callosal atr...

Introduction Neurodisability is probably the most significant contributor to chronic surgical disability in African children. It involves primarily hydrocephalus (HC) and spina bifida (SB), which can occur in isolation or together. Other causes of neurodisability include encephaloceles, which are part of the spectrum of neural tube defects (NTDs). True cerebral palsy is primarily nonsurgical, a...