Ticaret, toplumsal hayatta bireylerin ilişkilerini yansıtmakta ve toplumun gelişim süreçleri hakkında bilgiler vermektedir. Ticari hayata göre o sosyo-ekonomik, sosyo-kültürel yapısı buna hukuki gelişmişlikleri bilgi edinilmektedir. Bu nedenle ticaret hukukuyla ilgili bilinen tatbik edilen hususların yeniden gözden geçirilmesi zaruridir. İşte bu kapsamda elektronik oldukça önemli bir örnek olar...

In this paper we describe how an agent’s trust is a combination of the trust in the other agent and the trust in the control mechanisms. The trust an agent has in the control mechanisms depends on the agent’s understanding of the control mechanism. Therefore, we describe how this understanding can be analyzed using formal methods.

Presently, a multiplicity of trading systems provide electronic markets with various market rules to professional and private investors in different sectors. This range only partially reflects the individual requirements dependent on the type of product and the environmental context of the trade. There is need for individual solutions satisfying these specific requirements regarding the tradabl...

Since the 21st century, rapid development of e-commerce and its application in field international trade have greatly impacted original basic structure trade. E-commerce is like a double-edged sword, which brings great challenges while having positive impact on it.The mode not only affects traditional way trade, but also it opportunity transformation innovation. Meanwhile, enriches form In orde...

In this paper we argue that open multi-agent systems can be effectively designed and implemented as electronic institutions composed of a vast amount of heterogeneous (human and software) agents playing different roles and interacting by means of speech acts. Thus taking inspiration from traditional human institutions, we offer a general agent-mediated computational model of institutions that s...

The explosive growth of electronic commerce transactions in recent years has added fuel to efforts to harmonize international commercial law. Organizations such as the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT), the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) and the Hague Conference on Private International Law are all participating in an emerging...

Such trade does, however, take place on an insecure environment (the Internet), in which communication partners may cheat, and in which other parties may do harm. Table 1 highlights a number of threats. On the Internet, most players use insecure equipment. Typically they cannot send each other electronic documents with evidential value. Insider fraud, as well as damage caused by organised crime...