NKp80, an activating homodimeric C-type lectin-like receptor (CTLR), is expressed on essentially all human natural killer (NK) cells and stimulates their cytotoxicity and cytokine release. Recently, we demonstrated that the ligand for NKp80 is the myeloid-specific CTLR activation-induced C-type lectin (AICL), which is encoded in the natural killer gene complex (NKC) adjacent to NKp80. Here, we ...

AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 (ARF7) is one of five ARF transcriptional activators in Arabidopsis thaliana that is proposed to regulate auxin-responsive expression of genes containing TGTCTC auxin response elements in their promoters. An Arabidopsis mutant (nonphototropic hypocotyl4-1 [nph4-1]) that is a null for ARF7 showed strongly reduced expression of integrated auxin-responsive reporter genes and...

The perception of Phytophthora sojae avirulence (Avr) gene products by corresponding soybean resistance (Rps) gene products causes effector triggered immunity. Past studies have shown that the Avr3a and Avr5 genes of P. sojae are genetically linked, and the Avr3a gene encoding a secreted RXLR effector protein was recently identified. We now provide evidence that Avr3a and Avr5 are allelic. Gene...

Differentiation of CD8+ T cells from the naive to the effector state is accompanied by changes in basal gene expression profiles that parallel the acquisition of effector functions. Among these are metabolism genes, and we now show that 2C TCR transgenic effector CD8+ T cells express higher levels of glycolytic enzymes and display greater glucose uptake, a higher glycolytic rate, and increased ...

Oncogenic Ras mediates its actions through activation of multiple downstream effector signaling cascades, which in turn regulate transcription factor activation and cause changes in gene expression. However, there exist striking cell type differences in effector pathways that are activated by Ras, in which effectors are sufficient or necessary to promote Ras oncogenesis, and in the gene targets...

CD134- and CD137-primed CD8 T cells mount powerful effector responses upon recall, but even without recall these dual-costimulated T cells respond to signal 3 cytokines such as IL-12. We searched for alternative signal 3 receptor pathways and found the IL-1 family member IL-36R. Although IL-36 alone did not stimulate effector CD8 T cells, in combination with IL-12, or more surprisingly IL-2, it...

AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR7 (ARF7) is one of five ARF transcriptional activators in Arabidopsis thaliana that is proposed to regulate auxin-responsive expression of genes containing TGTCTC auxin response elements in their promoters. An Arabidopsis mutant (nonphototropic hypocotyl4-1[nph4-1]) that is a null for ARF7 showed strongly reduced expression of integrated auxin-responsive reporter genes and ...

The nodulation of Bradyrhizobium japonicum Is-34 is restricted by Rj4 genotype soybeans (Glycine max). To identify the genes responsible for this incompatibility, Tn5 mutants of B. japonicum Is-34 that were able to overcome this nodulation restriction were obtained. Analysis of the Tn5 mutants revealed that Tn5 was inserted into a region containing the MA20_12780 gene. In addition, direct disru...