statement of problem: t-loop is one of the most popular closing loops in orthodontic profession. however its activation is in the contrary to bouschinger effect theory, since the formed bends would be opened during activation. the purpose of this study was to add a helix in a way to be more respondent to the bouschinger effect theory. objectives: to compare the load deflection, maximal elastic ...

Three-dimensional MEMS magnetometers with use of residual stresses in thin multilayers cantilevers are presented. Half-loop cantilevers based on Lorentz-force deflection convert magnetic flux in V ∆ changes, thanks to piezoresistive transducers mounted in Wheatstone bridge. Magnetic field in the order of 10 Gauss was measured with a sensitivity of 0.015 mV/Gauss. A Finite Element Model of the d...

Thorough understanding of steel rail response to wheel load is a key step towards design and evaluation of the railway track structure. In current practice, maximum vertical deflection and bending moment are calculated using the theory of infinite beam on continuous elastic foundation (Winkler model), in which the foundation stiffness is assumed as constant. However, variation of track modulus ...

the available methods for predicting mechanical characteristics of pavement layers are categorized into two general groups, destructive and non-destructive. in destructive method, using coring and pavement subgrade and performing necessary experiments on them, the quantities of layers properties will be identified. in non-destructive method, the attained deflection is measured by applying the l...

The dynamic response of a structure depends on both the structure and the applied load. A pulse approximation method proposed by Youngdahl has been proved to be applicable to stable structures and it has been adopted to deal with arbitrary loading pulse in analyses. However, for the structures possessing unstable loadedisplacement properties, the applicability of pulse approximation method need...

The lumping approximation us·ed fre'quently for dynamic analysis of distributed parameter sys.tems is facilitated for a class of flexible systems by a technique developed here using 4x4 coordinate transformation matrices to account for the deflection of elastic elements under load. This technique is used to develop the linear equations of spatial motion for a system of two rigid masses connecte...

We study a dynamic contact problem for a thermoelastic von Kármán plate vibrating against a rigid obstacle. Dynamics is described by a hyperbolic variational inequality for deflections. The plate is subjected to a perpendicular force and to a heat source. The parabolic equation for a thermal strain resultant contains the time derivative of the deflection. We formulate a weak solution of the sys...

The single-beam mirage effect, also known as photothermal deflection, is studied using a free-standing, highly aligned carbon nanotube aerogel sheet as the heat source. The extremely low thermal capacitance and high heat transfer ability of these transparent forest-drawn carbon nanotube sheets enables high frequency modulation of sheet temperature over an enormous temperature range, thereby pro...

in this paper deflection and free vibration of sandwich panel is studied. the core of sandwich panels is made of hexagonal honeycomb and faces are made of two different materials of carbon fiber reinforced plastic and k-aryl/epoxy covering. the governing equations are deduced from the first order sheer deformation theory (fsdt) and they are solved using generalized differential quadrature metho...