The worldwide 9/11 attack on September 11, 2001, had a massive impact many countries’ security concerns. incident significantly influenced the development of several government laws for regional and domestic policies against danger terrorism. event signaled cooperation powerful states to fight global This review determines political USA-Russia relationship in aftermath attack. work enables us g...

The article aims to analyze and evaluate current trends in the global efforts suppress a unique field financing of terrorism – terrorist salaries. study seeks cast new light on origins implications economy that deals with salaries, rewards, other benefits paid terrorists. purpose policy salaries is halt by disrupting channels funding diminishing economic viability activity. include diverse cons...

This article analyzes a unique branch of terrorism literature—terrorism futures—by academics, think tanks, and governmental agencies published between 2000 and 2012. To this end, it examines over sixty publications that attempt to discern possible futures of terrorism. In general, the track record of forecasting terrorism has not been good. This is particularly true for major changes in the mod...

In America, Britain and Australia the threat of terrorism has been used to justify radical new legislation that gives police and intelligence agencies unprecedented powers to detain and question people believed to have information connected to terrorism. In this paper I explore the nature of the threat of non-state terrorism—threat to national security and the well-being of citizens. I argue th...

This article argues that the discourses of radicalization and, more lately, of extremism have served to confuse the remit of counter-terrorism. Indeed, it appears that ‘terrorism’, ‘radicalization’ and ‘extremism’ have increasingly become merged into a single discursive framework, one consequence of which has been to blur the important distinction between ‘extremism’ of thought and ‘extremism’ ...

Policies related to thwarting transnational terrorism have been at the forefront of political and social debates. In this paper we empirically examine the impacts of socio-economic conditions on the probability and frequency of participation in transnational terrorism events. We use count data analysis techniques in combination with the newly combined annual data on transnational terrorism and ...

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is widely acknowledged as a crucial catalyst for economic development, especially in emerging economies such Pakistan. Its significance lies the fact that it can introduce vital funds, fresh technologies, and know how to domestic markets. These advantages stimulate progress generate novel prospects enterprises individuals alike. Over past few years, there has bee...

The improvised explosive device (IED) has been the most significant threat by terrorists worldwide. Blast trauma has produced a wide pattern of combat spinal column injuries not commonly experienced in the civilian community. Unfortunately, explosion-related injuries have also become a widespread reality of civilian life throughout the world, and civilian medical providers who are involved in e...

from the political sociology point of view, emerging and continuity of modern societies have been a combined with some kind of totalitarianism in west (as the first step of development), modern nation-states, modern revolutions, modern wars, formation of totalitarian communism-fashism, democratic systems, and at least globalization, terrorism, …. terrorism phenomena has been deep in glomming be...

Recent research suggests that UN peacekeeping operations (PKOs) reduce conventional violence. However, rebel groups have been increasingly using a combination of and non-conventional violence, for example, terrorism. Little is known about whether under which conditions PKOs shape rebels’ incentives to resort more At the same time, existing on use terrorism in civil wars primarily focuses domest...