Current recommendations for the use of CO ₂ as a euthanasia agent for rats require the use of gradual fill protocols (such as 10% to 30% volume displacement per minute) in order to render the animal insensible prior to exposure to levels of CO ₂ that are associated with pain. However, exposing rats to CO ₂ , concentrations as low as 7% CO ₂ are reported to cause distress and 10%-20% CO ₂ induce...

Behavioral interference between species, such as territorial aggression, courtship, and mating, is widespread in animals. While aggressive and reproductive forms of interspecific interference have generally been studied separately, their many parallels and connections warrant a unified conceptual approach. Substantial evidence exists that aggressive and reproductive interference have pervasive ...

Human mobility has been traditionally studied using surveys that deliver snapshots of population displacement patterns. The growing accessibility to ICT information from portable digital media has recently opened the possibility of exploring human behavior at high spatio-temporal resolutions. Mobile phone records, geolocated tweets, check-ins from Foursquare or geotagged photos, have contribute...

The bending behavior of composites sandwich plates with multi-layered laminated face sheets has been investigated, using a new four-nodded rectangular finite element formulation based on a layer-wise theory. Both, first order and higher-order shear deformation; theories are used in order to model the face sheets and the core, respectively. Unlike any other layer-wise theory, the number of degre...

This paper is primarily studying the behaver of the twin-accumulator suspension over the conventional passive system focusing on ride quality behavior and road holding. Therefore, a dynamic modeling of passive and twin-accumulator suspension for a quarter model is constructed. MATLAB Simulink environment is used to develop the suspension models. The simulation is applied with two different road...

The physical mechanism by which Escherichia coli segregates copies of its chromosome for partitioning into daughter cells is unknown, partly due to the difficulty in interpreting the complex dynamic behavior during segregation. Analysis of previous chromosome segregation measurements in E. coli demonstrates that the origin of replication exhibits processive motion with a mean displacement that ...

We consider an one-dimensional conservation law with random space-time forcing and calculate using large deviations the exponentially small probabilities of anomalous shock profile displacements. Under suitable hypotheses on the spatial support and structure of random forces, we analyze the scaling behavior of the rate function, which is the exponential decay rate of the displacement probabilit...

This paper presents a topological-optimization method which applies the theory of ground structure parameterization to design and analyzes a microgripper device. The study defines the compliant design domain as 2000μm×2000μm with a 200μm thickness, and discusses the effect of different optimization parameters. The driver is an electro-thermal microactuator that can actuate approximately 6000μN ...

The main features of grooming behavior are amazingly similar among arthropods and land vertebrates and serve the same needs. A particular pattern of cleaning movements in cockroaches shows cephalo-caudal progression. Grooming sequences become longer after adaptation to the new setting. Novelty related changes in grooming are recognized as a form of displacement behavior. Statistical analysis of...

in this paper the traditional covering plaster of masonry buildings is supplied with polypropylene and steel fiber to enhance their seismic behavior. the plaster mix proportion is determined by some initial mortar tests. also, one story, single span masonry building specimen plastered with different mortars is tested on a shaking table 8 times under a seismic input and the performance of the sp...