objective(s): nanosilver is one of the most widely used nanomaterials due to its strong antimicrobial activity. thus, because of increasing potential for exposure of human to nanosilver, there is an increasing concern about possible side effects of these nanoparticles. in this study, we tested the potential dermal toxicity of nanosilver bandage on serum chemical biomarkers in mice.  materials a...

Human exposure assessment tools represent a means for understanding human exposure to pesticides in agricultural activities and managing possible health risks. This paper presents a pesticide flow analysis modeling approach developed to assess human exposure to pesticide use in greenhouse flower crops in Colombia, focusing on dermal and inhalation exposure. This approach is based on the materia...

It has been recognized that the vehicle in which a permeant is applied to the skin has a distinctive effect on the dermal and transdermal delivery of active ingredients. The cutaneous and percutaneous absorptions can be enhanced, e.g. by an increase in thermodynamic activity, supersaturation and penetration modifiers. Furthermore, dermal and transdermal delivery can be influenced by the interac...

The relationship between local inflammation and the subsequent systemic inflammatory response is poorly described. In a burn injury model, the dermal inflammatory response may act as an ongoing trigger for the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and subsequent systemic complications. We hypothesized that topical attenuation of burn wound inflammatory signaling will control the dermal...

OBJECTIVE To compare various graft materials in the rabbit model, including autologous cartilage, dermal tissue, fat, and AlloDerm (a cadaver-derived material). METHODS Twenty-five New Zealand white rabbits were used. Equally sized autogenous (fat, fascia, cartilage, and dermal) grafts and AlloDerm were implanted into subcutaneous dorsal pockets on the rabbits. Animals were killed 1, 2, 3, an...

Ethical and technical difficulties inherent to studies in human tissues are impeding assessment of the dermal bioavailability of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). This is further complicated by increasing restrictions on the use of animals in toxicity testing, and the uncertainties associated with extrapolating data from animal studies to humans due to inter-species variations. To overcome th...

However, data are lacking on the amount of pesticides consumed in the diet by age group as well as the contribution of pesticide exposures from the dietary pathway relative to other sources. 4 For example, pesticide exposures can occur from the inhalation of indoor and outdoor air, ingestion of dust from hand-to-mouth or object-to-mouth activities, ingestion of contaminated soil or water, and d...