Various upgrades of the Czochralski (Cz) growth process are currently being investigated in order to increase throughput and reduce production cost high efficiency silicon-based solar cells. However, as-grown thermal donors (TD) Cz silicon can significantly conversion such An accurate simulation tool is therefore required investigate optimize TD formation during crystal growth. A numerical meth...

The boron-oxygen recombination center responsible for the light-induced degradation of Czochralski silicon solar cells can be permanently deactivated by illumination at elevated temperature. In this study, we examine the impact of dopant compensation on the deactivation process. The experimental results show that the deactivation rate depends inversely on the total boron concentration instead o...

The growth of series of actual laser crystals belonging to di erent structural types by the Czochralski method is presented. The primary attention is given to single crystalline compounds and their solid solutions with garnet structure (scandium-containing rare-earth garnets with general formula {LnSc}3[ScMe]2Me3O12, Me = Al, Ga) as well as with olivine (forsterite Mg2SiO4) and scheelite struct...

w The dual implantation method developed for defect engineering O.W. Holland, L. Xie, B. Nelson, D.S. Zhou, J. Ž . x q Electron. Mater. 25 1996 99 uses an amorphizing implant in conjunction with high energy Si -ion implantation to inject vacancies. Following annealing of the implanted samples for 20 min at 6008C and at 8008C, the amorphous layer Ž . recrystallizes by solid-phase epitaxial growt...

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been under intense investigations during the past two decades due to their unique physical and chemical properties; however, there is still no commonly accepted growth mechanism to describe the growth behavior of CNTs. Here, we propose a nano Czochralski (CZ) model which regards the catalytic growth of a CNT as a CZ process taking place on the nano scale. The main i...

The lack of p-type lithium niobate limits it serving as an active material. A series of Mo-doped and pure congruent lithium niobate crystals were grown by Czochralski method under different polarization conditions. Their dominant carrier species were characterized by holographic experiment. The results showed dominant charge carrier species may be changed from electrons to holes when lithium ni...