Grazing and cultivation are two important management practices worldwide that can cause significant soil organic carbon (SOC) losses. However, it remains elusive how soil microbes have responded to soil carbon changes under these two practices. Based on a four-decade long field experiment, this study investigated the effects of grazing and cultivation on SOC stocks and microbial properties in t...

BACKGROUND In Mexico, the traditional maize cultivation system has resisted intensification attempts for many decades in some areas, even in some well-connected regions of the temperate highlands. We suggest that this is due to economics. METHODS The total useful biomass of several fields in Nanacamilpa, Tlaxcala, are evaluated for productivity and costs. RESULTS Maize grain production is l...

Article history: Received 16 February 2016 Received in revised form 19 July 2016 Accepted 20 July 2016 Available online xxxx Leaving onemating relationship and entering another, serialmating, is commonly observed inmany cultures. An array of circumstances can prompt a mate switch. These include (1) unanticipated costs inflicted by one's mate, or ‘relationship load,’ not apparent on the initial ...

OF THESIS ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CELLULASE PRODUCTION BY CLOSTRIDIUM THERMOCELLUM IN SOLID STATE AND SUBMERGED FERMENTATION Dependence on foreign oil remains a serious issue for the U.S. economy. Additionally, automobile emissions related to petroleum-based, fossil fuel has been cited as one source of environmental problems, such as global warming and reduced air quality. Using agricultural and f...

This study examines the typical value of wheat crop production in Nineveh Governorate for season 2020, and calculates costs, United States profits diagnoses challenges problems production. (134) questionnaire forms were distributed to a random sample farmers agricultural 2019-2020. showing that average revenue per ton amounted (497, 578,832) dinars/ton, total added was estimated at (384,200,121...

Objective: In recent years, farmers have shown great interest to using native drill planter rather than complex planters to grow vegetables. Methods: In this study, we tested a native planter Independent variables were the two types of substrate surface (asphalt and plowed field), three ground speed (3, 5 and 7 kph) and four types of seeds (tomatoes, onions, radishes and lettuce). Dependent var...

BACKGROUND The filamentous ascomycete Aspergillus niger is used in many industrial processes for the production of enzymes and organic acids by batch and fed-batch cultivation. An alternative technique is continuous cultivation, which promises improved yield and optimized pipeline efficiency. RESULTS In this work, we have used perfusion (retentostat) cultivation to validate two promoters that...

Mosaic landscapes under shifting cultivation, with their dynamic mix of managed and natural land covers, often fall through the cracks in remote sensing-based land cover and land use classifications, as these are unable to adequately capture such landscapes' dynamic nature and complex spectral and spatial signatures. But information about such landscapes is urgently needed to improve the outcom...

regard to increasing demand for organic agricultural products, awareness of costs and profitability of organic products can help to decision planners of agricultural sector, and particularly farmers. this study has tried to calculate cost and profitability of cotton product in two different conventional and organic ways (procedure) of production using 253 cross-sectional data from khorasan raza...