s Scott Crossley Crowdsourcing text complexity models The current study builds on work by De Clercq et al. (2014) and Crossley et al. (2017) by using crowdsourcing techniques to collect human ratings of text comprehension, processing, and familiarity across a large corpus comprising a diverse variety of topic domains (science, technology, and history). Pairwise comparisons among the ratings wer...

In the 1st part of the experiment, older and younger adults read a series of high-cloze sentence frames, each missing its final word (e.g., "She ladled the soup into her____."). Subjects were instructed to predict the ending for each. For critical sentences, the predicted final word (bowl) was not shown. Instead, an unexpected but acceptable ending (lap) was provided as the target. On a subsequ...

We have constructed a new “Who-did-What” dataset of over 200,000 fill-in-the-gap (cloze) multiple choice reading comprehension problems constructed from the LDC English Gigaword newswire corpus. The WDW dataset has a variety of novel features. First, in contrast with the CNN and Daily Mail datasets (Hermann et al., 2015) we avoid using article summaries for question formation. Instead, each pro...

The statistical analysis technique of correlation has extensively been used in second/ foreign language testing research for a variety of purposes. Most commonly, the technique has been used to validate newly constructed language tests (particularly cloze tests) against previous supposedly valid measures. Tests such validated are meant to substitute the older ones, and based on these newly vali...

Cloze tests, also known as gap-fill exercises, are a popular tool for acquiring and evaluating language proficiency. A major challenge in the way of automating scoring of cloze tests is the yet unsolved problem of gap filler ambiguity. To address this challenge, we present the concept of bundled gap filling, along with (1) an efficient computational model for automatically generating unambiguou...

Although Indonesian is the fourth most frequently used language on internet, development of NLP in has not been studied intensively. One form application classified as an NLG task Automatic Question Generation task. Generally, proven well, using rule-based and cloze tests, but these approaches depend heavily defined rules. While this approach suitable for automated question generation systems a...

Van Petten and Luka's (2012, International Journal of Psychophysiology, 83(2), 176-190) literature survey of late positive ERP components elicited by more or less predictable words during sentence processing led them to propose two topographically and functionally distinct positivities: a parietal one associated with semantically incongruent words related to semantic reanalysis and a frontal on...