In the liver, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an extracellular signaling molecule that is released into bile and stimulates a biliary epithelial cell secretory response via engagement of apical P2 receptors. The molecular identities of the ion channels involved in ATP-mediated secretory responses have not been fully identified. Intermediate-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) channels (IK) have b...

PURPOSE To determine the optimal dose and duration of fluconazole antifungal prophylaxis therapy in bone marrow transplantation patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Two hundred and fifty-three pediatric and adult bone marrow transplantation patients were randomly assigned to receive fluconazole 400 mg daily (high dose) or 200 mg daily (low dose) while they were neutropenic. After neutrophil recover...

Abstract Background Clotrimazole is used to treat topical vaginal yeast infections. Vaginal gelatin film formulations of clotrimazole were prepared, and the present study aims develop an HPLC method for quantifying in formulation. Results The chromatographic separation components was achieved on a Phenomenex Luna C18(2) (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) stationary phase with Security Guard Cartridge C18 (4 ...

Azoles are widely used antifungal drugs. This family of compounds includes triazoles, mostly used in the treatment of systemic infections, and imidazoles, such as clotrimazole, often used in the case of superficial infections. Candida glabrata is the second most common cause of candidemia worldwide and presents higher levels of intrinsic azole resistance when compared with Candida albicans, thu...

BACKGROUND Although the connection between ascending infection and preterm birth is undisputed, research focused on finding effective treatments has been disappointing. However evidence that eradication of Candida in pregnancy may reduce the risk of preterm birth is emerging. We conducted a pilot study to assess the feasibility of conducting a large randomized controlled trial to determine whet...

In the present study proniosomal gel of clotrimazole was formulated by using lecithin, cholesterol as encapsulating agents, nonionic surfactants Span and Tween with different grades. Evaluation of proniosomal gels for pH, vesicle size analysis, encapsulation efficiency, drug diffusion profiles, exvivo skin permeation and ex-vivo drug deposition studies on guinea pig skin, irritation test on rab...

BACKGROUND Phellodendron amurense, exhibits antifungal activity mainly by bioactive components including berberine hydrochloride and palmatine hydrochloride. This study was conducted to evaluate the antifungal effects of berberine hydrochloride, palmatine hydrochloride, and a mixture of both substances against Microsporum canis in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The minimal inhibitory concentratio...

The relaxation of coronary arteries by estrogens in the coronary vascular beds of naive and hypertensive rats has been well described. However, little is known about this action in gonadectomized rats. We investigated the effect of 17-ß-estradiol (E2) in coronary arteries from gonadectomized rats, as well as the contributions of endothelium-derived factors and potassium channels. Eight-week-old...

Objective: To study the effect of sodium sulfadimethylpyrimidine (SDMP) on different forms of CYP 450 enzymes induced by phenobarbital (CYP 2B1, 2B2 and 3A), isoniazid (CYP 2E1), benzo(a)pyrene (CYP 1A1), clotrimazole (CYP 3A), and clofibrate (CYP 4A). Materials and Methods: Chickens (Hubbard, male) weighing 250–300 g were divided into 17 groups of six each. Five experimental sets were prepared...

OBJECTIVES During Candida albicans infection, arachidonic acid (AA) is released from phospholipids of infected host cell membranes and used by C. albicans as the sole carbon source and for production of eicosanoids. AA can be incorporated into the phospholipids of yeasts, influencing the saturation level and fluidity of yeast cell membranes. It is suggested that the effectiveness of polyene (e....