Aiming at the inspection of rough stone and concrete wall surfaces, a grasping module of cross-arranged claw is designed. It can attach onto rough wall surfaces by hooking or grasping walls. First, based on the interaction mechanism of hooks and rough wall surfaces, the hook structures in claw tips are developed. Then, the size of the hook tip is calculated and the failure mode is analyzed. The...

An adult Ayrshire cow was presented with bilateral hind-limb lameness 5 weeks after routine claw trimming. Examination under intravenous regional anaesthesia revealed ulceration of the sole at the toe of both the right lateral and left medial claws of the hind limbs. Radiographic examination showed osteolysis and pathological fractures of the 3rd phalanx of both affected claws. Wooden blocks we...

STUDY DESIGN Six different techniques for atlantoaxial fixation were biomechanically compared in vitro by nondestructive testing. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the immediate three-dimensional stability of a new atlas claw combined with transarticular screws and alternative techniques for transarticular screw fixation in comparison with established techniques. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Posterior tr...

Approximately 88% of Norwegian dairy cattle are housed in tie stalls. Free stall housing for all dairy cattle will be implemented within 20 years. This means that the majority of existing stalls will be rebuilt in the near future. Fifty-seven free stall herds of the Norwegian Red breed were randomly selected and 1547 cows and 403 heifers were trimmed by 13 claw trimmers during the late winter a...

Males of many species use signals during aggressive contests to communicate their fighting capacity. These signals are usually reliable indicators of an individual's underlying quality; however, in several crustacean species, displays of weapons do not always accurately reflect the attribute being advertised. Male fiddler crabs possess one enlarged claw that is used to attract females and to in...

The MaximumWeight Independent Set (MWIS) problem is a well-known NPhard problem. A popular way to study MWIS is to detect graph classes for which MWIS can be solved in polynomial time, with particular reference to hereditary graph classes, i.e., defined by a hereditary graph property or equivalently by forbidding one or more induced subgraphs. For graphs G1, G2, G1 + G2 denotes the disjoint uni...

The intention of this research was to study the impact of concrete floor surface roughness on a bovine claw model and to assess the deformation of the bovine claw model under load. The pressure distribution between the floor and the claw is the key method in this research. Monitoring foot-to-ground pressure distributions may provide insight into the relation between high local pressures and foo...

The aim was to predict genomic breeding values (GEBV) for corkscrew claw (CSC) in Norwegian Red and to investigate whether including historical data from a correlated trait improved the predictive ability of GEBV. Corkscrew claw, the most prevalent claw disorder in Norway, has since 2004 been recorded by claw trimmers. Hoof quality (HQ), a feet and leg conformation trait recorded by breeding ad...

Let G be a graph. For any two distinct vertices x and y in G, denote distG(x, y) the distance in G from x and y. For u, v ∈ V (G) with distG(u, v) = 2, denote JG(u, v) = {w ∈ NG(u)∩NG(v)|N(w) ⊆ N [u]∪ N [v]}. A graph G is claw-free if it contains no induced subgraph isomorphic to K1,3. A graph G is called quasi-claw-free if JG(u, v) 6= ∅ for any u, v ∈ V (G) with distG(u, v) = 2. Kriesell’s res...

We propose an algorithm for solving the maximumweighted stable set problem on claw-free graphsthat runs in O(n3)−time, drastically improving theprevious best known complexity bound. This algo-rithm is based on a novel decomposition theoremfor claw-free graphs, which is also introduced in thepresent paper. Despite being weaker than the wellknown structure result for claw-...