In this review, we supply a framework for the importance of nematophagous fungi (nematophagous [NF]) and their role in agricultural ecosystems. We characterize taxonomy, diversity, ecology, type NF, depending on interaction with plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). described potential mechanisms NF control PPNs, efficiency methods utilization, use nematicides sustainable agriculture. explain utili...

Heterodera avenae (cereal cyst nematode, CCN) is an invasive pest of old-world cereals, which probably entered and established in Australia in the 1800s. It spread widely in southeastern Australia, with outliers in other areas, but did not reach its full impact till the 1960s. Early control was through agronomic means but as impact bordered on disaster, the focus shifted to chemical control and...

Cyst nematodes are sedentary endoparasites of plants which cause important economic losses worldwide. New nematode control measures needed since the removal effective chemical nematicides from market due to their negative impact on environment and human health. Induced hatching second-stage juveniles in absence host plant using root exudates, also named “suicide hatching”, could be a sustainabl...

In-vitro methods were developed to test fungi for production of metabolites affecting nematode egg hatch and mobility of second-stage juveniles. Separate assays were developed for two nematodes: root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) and soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines). For egg hatch to be successfully assayed, eggs must first be surface-disinfested to avoid the confounding effe...

The Fenwick can and Schuiling centrifuge are widely used to extract nematode cysts from soil samples. The comparative efficiencies of these two methods during cyst extraction have not been determined for different soil types under different cyst densities. Such information is vital for statutory laboratories that must choose a method for routine, high-throughput soil monitoring. In this study, ...