Bayesian knowledge bases (BKBs) are a gen­ eralization of Bayes networks and weighted proof graphs (WAODAGs), that allow cycles in the causal graph. Reasoning in BKBs re­ quires finding the most probable inferences consistent with the evidence. The cost­ sharing heuristic for finding least-cost ex­ planations in WAODAGs was presented and shown to be effective by Charniak and Hu­ sain. However, ...

Recent studies suggest that humans can infer the underlying causal model from observing the distribution of variables. In a multiple-cue experiment we investigated if people can infer the causal structure from mere observation, and if different causal models invite different cognitive processes. Participants performed 220 training trials in two judgment tasks with different underlying causal st...

Scientific practice typically involves repeatedly studying a system, each time trying to unravel a different perspective. In each study, the scientist may take measurements under different experimental conditions (interventions, manipulations, perturbations) and measure different sets of quantities (variables). The result is a collection of heterogeneous data sets coming from different data dis...

Long-term healthcare organisations significantly benefit from Knowledge Management (KM). However, the extant literature has little empirical support for this statement. Using the KM instrument developed by Bontis and Fitz-enz (2002), this paper extends prior studies by evaluating behaviours within a not-for-profit context over several years. As such, it tests a comprehensive causal model that i...

The 2003 survey among Slovenian companies was studying the factors affecting the formal evaluation of e-business projects. The corresponding causal model revealed that the perceptions and the attitudes towards e-business strongly affect the corresponding evaluation practice. In particular, the recognition of the needs for corresponding evaluation had the strongest effect. On the other hand, the...

The Hirsch-index is an index for measuring and comparing the output of researchers. Under the condition of monotonicity, Woeginger [7] provides a characterization of the Hirsch-index by three axioms in 2008. Replacing monotonicity by expansion consistency, we characterize the Hirsch-index by only two of Woeginger’s axioms. Besides, we also introduce an axiom contraction consistency. It is a dua...

Double machine learning provides √ n-consistent estimates of parameters of interest even when highdimensional or nonparametric nuisance parameters are estimated at an n−1/4 rate. The key is to employ Neyman-orthogonal moment equations which are first-order insensitive to perturbations in the nuisance parameters. We show that the n−1/4 requirement can be improved to n−1/(2k+2) by employing a kth...

We investigated how people design interventions to affect the outcomes of causal systems. We propose that the abstract structural properties of a causal system, in addition to people's content and mechanism knowledge, influence decisions about how to intervene. In Experiment 1, participants preferred to intervene at specific locations (immediate causes, root causes) in a causal chain regardless...

The paper addresses uncertain reasoning based on causal knowledge given by two layered networks, where nodes in one layer express possible causes and those in the other are possible e/ects. Uncertainties of the causalities are given by conditional causal possibilities, which were proposed to express the exact degrees of possibility of causalities. The expression of the uncertainty also has an a...

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