Nuclear receptors play an important role in transcriptional regulation of diverse cellular processes and is also relevant in diseases such as cancer. In breast cancer, the nuclear receptors - estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) are classical markers of the disease and are used to classify breast cancer subtypes. Using a recently developed affinity purification MS technique (RI...

The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) mediates both the genomic and nongenomic effects of estrogen and has been implicated in breast cancer development. Here, we compared GPER expression in cancerous tissue and adjacent normal tissue in patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast and determined that GPER is highly upregulated in cancerous cells. Additionally, our studie...

A. Identification of factors that stimulate estrogen synthesis B. Potentiation of cytokine stimulation of estrogen synthesis VI. The Role of Soluble Cytokine Receptors in Cytokine Action A. Mechanism of cytokine action B. Regulation of gp80 and gp130 C. Regulation of IL-6 sR shedding VII. Origin of Estrogen-Stimulating Factors in Breast Tumors A. The role of cells of the immune system B. Macrop...

Breast cancer1 (BRCA1) was initially identified as one of the genes conferring genetic predisposition to both breast and ovarian cancer. One of the interesting aspects of BRCA1-linked cancers is the observed specificity for estrogen-responsive tissues such as breast and ovary. Recent advances in our understanding of BRCA1-linked breast cancers have revealed a complex relationship between BRCA1a...

Pyk2 and Src phosphorylation is initiated by CCL18, which promotes breast cancer metastasis via its functional G protein-coupled receptor PITPNM3. However, the function of Pyk2 and Src in CCL18-induced breast cancer metastasis is poorly understood. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reactions (qRT-PCRs), Western blot, boyden chamber assay, and adherence assay were performed to ...

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors play an important role in epithelial cell function. Upon stimulation of these receptors, an extensive network of signal transduction pathways is activated, including the PI3K/AKT and Ras/Erk pathways. This activation leads to cellular proliferation and survival. In breast cancer, the EGF receptor, ErbB2 (HER2/neu), can be amplified and over-expressed ...

It has recently been reported that the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction is important in Th17 development. In addition, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) promotes tumorigenesis as an immunosuppressive cytokine and is crucial in the development of Th17 cells. This study investigated the role of CD40 in breast cancer cells and its role in immunosuppressive function and tumor progression....

N Engl J Med 2006;354:270-82. Copyright © 2006 Massachusetts Medical Society. n this article, we review recent findings related to estrogen exposure and the risk of breast cancer, the mechanisms that may be involved, and the clinical implications of these findings. The weight of evidence indicates that exposure to estrogen is an important determinant of the risk of breast cancer. The mechanisms...

Overexpression of the prometastatic chromatinmodifier proteinmetastasis tumor antigen 1 (MTA1) in human cancer contributes to tumor aggressiveness, but the role of endogenous MTA1 in cancer has not been explored. Here, we report the effects of selective genetic depletion ofMTA1 in a physiologically relevant spontaneousmouse model of breast cancer pulmonary metastasis. We found that MTA1 acts as...

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy in women, with over 200,000 new cases diagnosed each year. Adjuvant systemic endocrine therapy has demonstrated its benefits in reducing the risk of occult micro metastatic infiltration by preventing breast cancer cells from receiving endogenous estrogen stimulation. Initial adjuvant treatment with an aromatase inhibitor (AI) is consider...