sickle cell disease (scd) is a known inherited hemoglobin disorder featured by the presence of sickle shaped erythrocytes in the blood. it can cause cerebrovascular accident (cva) in adults and children and is responsible for the majority of the strokes in children. repeated blood transfusion are often required in an attempt to dilute blood thus reducing the risk of vaso-occlusion and stroke in...

background and objectives: bordetella species colonize the respiratory tract of mammals and thereby cause the whooping cough. most of the species produce adenylate cyclase - a toxin ( hemolysin ) responsible for increasing intracellular cyclic amp (camp) levels in mammalian neutrophils and macrophages and as a consequence their phagocytic function get impaired . this study was carried out to is...

conclusions it is reasonable to evaluate blood urea nitrogen, potassium, and hemoglobin of children with gastroenteritis. moreover, conducting white blood cell, stool exam, and urine analysis is recommended for those with febrile gastroenteritis, especially in girls younger than two years of age. overall, conducting all the mentioned tests for these patients is not necessary as a routine, and d...

Tramadol is a synthetic, centrally acting opioid analgesic that has the best analgesic efficacy without excessive sedation and significant side effects in the postoperative pain relief in dogs. OBJECTIVES: In this study, hematological and biochemical changes due to short usage of tramadol were assessed in clinically healthy dogs. METHODS: For this purpose, eighteen male mongrel dogs aged 14 to ...