It is trite that a taxpayer may deduct, from his/her gross income, any expenditure or losses were actually incurred, in the year of assessment, relation to taxpayer’s trade and production provided not capital nature. Section 11(a) does require must have been incurred assessment. The courts have, however, interpreted this provision as restricting deductibility expenses often happens will engage ...

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are very dynamic networks with devices continuously entering and leaving the group. The highly dynamic nature of MANETs renders the manual creation and update of policies associated with the initial incorporation of devices to the MANET (admission control) as well as with anomaly detection during communications among members (access control) a very difficult task...

Two models are presented of real-time exchange and price adjustment for a system of interrelated markets mediated by trade specialists. The first (MBM) features partially decentralized barter exchange in which specialists continuously maintain inventories and periodically adjust prices. A 'correspondence principle' yields existence and efficiency of (steadystate) equilibrium. Local stability fo...

Slit.?With reference to a note on page 287 of the September Gazette, to the effect that Miss Anna Williams won His Excellency's silver medal. &c., the facts are these. Anna Williams, a Native Christian pupil, won a medal offered for competition by a lady in the Central Proviuces. His Excellency the Viceroy has not given a prize for competition by the Nagpur class, which is confined strictly to ...

This paper presents a class of examples where a barter economy develops through agents' optimizing decisions into a monetary economy. A barter economy with m commodities is characterized by m(m-1)/2 commodity pair trading posts for active trade of each good for every other. Monetary equilibrium is characterized by active trade concentrated on m-1 posts, those trading in 'money' versus the m-1 o...

Petrobarter--the exchange of oil for goods and services without reference to monetary currency--has been a widespread and underappreciated practice among corporations, states, and state agencies over the past half century. Analyzing this practice with reference to anthropological theories of barter adds to our understandings of two significant and intertwined concerns in contemporary social sci...

The Perumpanatrupadai with the special name Panaru was sung by Kadiyalur Uruthirankannan to praise Perumpanan who about receive prize Panan appease Thondaiman Ilanthirayan. Not only news bravery and gift of Ilanthirayan, but also lifestyle Panars, lives work Einar, Kovalar, Uzhawar, Valaignar, Anthanar, etc., construction their residences, food preparation, hospitality, agriculture, barter, hav...

Resumen Joan Barter nació en Mequinenza (Zaragoza) una fecha no precisada del año 1648. Fue compositor de música instrumental y vocal religiosa, tanto latín como lengua castellana. Su obra conservada, aunque muy extensa, nos muestra, a un com-positor gran calidad dominio contrapunto, al que puede considerarse través estudio sus obras artísticas uno los grandes autores barroco español. Se dispon...