brucellosis is a well-known infection in domestic animals which caused by brucella bacterium. due toserious economic and medical consequences of this disease, various efforts have been made to prevent theinfection through the use of recombinant vaccines based on brucella outer membrane protein (omp)antigens. the objectives of the present study were cloning, sequencing and epitope prediction of ...

Blood group antigens are structural variants in surface carbohydrate or amino acid polymorphisms on extracellular domains of membrane proteins. The red cell water channelforming integral protein (Aquaporin CHIP) is a homotetramer with only one N-glycosylated subunit, however no CHIP-associated blood group antigens have yet been identified. Immunoblotting, monosaccharide composition analysis, an...

A restriction map of the 2.8-Mb genome of the unicellular eukaryote Encephalitozoon cuniculi (phylum Microspora), a mammal-infecting intracellular parasite, has been constructed using two restriction enzymes with 6 bp recognition sites (Bss HII and Mlu I). The fragments resulting from either single digestions of the whole molecular karyotype or double digestions of 11 individual chromosomes hav...

Given the increasing importance of boron (B) toxicity, present study investigates roles glutathione (20 mM, GSH) and proline mM) in improvement wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Altındane) resistance to B toxicity (10 mM B). The plants were raised hydroponic culture with control, B+glutathione, B+proline, proline. B+glutathione B+proline resisted detrimental influences on root shoot lengths, total c...

Antibody production and affinity maturation are driven by B cell extraction and internalization of antigen from immune synapses. However, the extraction mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we develop DNA-based nanosensors to interrogate two previously proposed mechanisms, enzymatic liberation and mechanical force. Using antigens presented by either artificial substrates or live cells, we ...

Ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) and cold limit the growth development of plants, which generates changes in gene expression. This allows plants to respond stress through regulatory proteins, such as transcription factors, that activate or repress expression stress-response genes. RNA-Seq data WGCNA analyses were utilized identify hub Our study found a total 25, 24, 29 factors at different time p...

Since the discovery of enzymes as biological catalysts, study of their enormous catalytic power and exquisite specificity has been central to biochemistry. Nevertheless, there is no universally accepted comprehensive description. Rather, numerous proposals have been presented over the past half century. The difficulty in developing a comprehensive description for the catalytic power of enzymes ...

Enzymes are biological catalysts (also known as biocatalysts) that speed up biochemical reactions in living organisms, and which can be extracted from cells and then used to catalyse a wide range of commercially important processes. This chapter covers the basic principles of enzymology, such as classification, structure, kinetics and inhibition, and also provides an overview of industrial appl...