Lymphatic filariasis (LF), a nematode disease transmitted by arthropod vectors, is repeatedly reported in immigrant population. This disease is not endemic in Iran; however, different species of mosquitoes, capable of transmission of parasite microfilaria, are distributed in the country. Hereby, incidental detection of an imported case of LF due to Wuchereria bancrofti in an Indian worker in Ir...

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Hepatozoon species infecting dogs in the municipality of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil, using blood samples (n = 165) drawn from dogs. The species Hepatozoon canis was identified in 3.63% of the tested animals using molecular tools. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical relevance of this infection and the ...

Leishmaniasis is a widespread arthropod-borne protozoan zoonosis caused by more than 21 Leishmania species. Vectors are sandflies of different genera. The disease is classified into "Old World" versus "New World" leishmaniasis and further subclassified in cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral forms. Most therapeutic approaches are not evidence-based. We report a patient with facial cutaneous Le...

Optically active (1S,2'S)-2-methylpiperidinyl-3-cyclohexen-1-carboxamide (SS220) is a new synthetic arthropod repellent. A three-step synthesis based on a chiral Diels-Alder reaction and diastereomeric resolution of 2-methylpiperidine was developed to prepare the compound. Quantitative laboratory assays using human volunteers compared the effectiveness of SS220 with the commonly used repellents...

Pyrethroid insecticides target voltage-gated sodium channels, which are critical for electrical signaling in the nervous system. The intensive use of pyrethroids in controlling arthropod pests and disease vectors has led to many instances of pyrethroid resistance around the globe. In the past two decades, studies have identified a large number of sodium channel mutations that are associated wit...

Eight Russian authorities on arthropod vector groups have collaborated with editor-contributor Petrishcheva in a publication that covers the field of medical and veterinary arachno-entomology. The scope of the work is indicated by the ten chapter headings, as follows: 1. Mosquitoes; 2. Sandflies (Phlebotominae); 3. Simuliidae; 4. Heleidae; 5. Horseflies; 6. Fleas; 7. Ixodid Ticks; 8. Argasid Ti...

Rickettsiae are obligately intracellular bacteria that are transmitted to vertebrates by a variety of arthropod vectors, primarily by fleas and ticks. Once transmitted or experimentally inoculated into susceptible mammals, some rickettsiae may cause febrile illness of different morbidity and mortality, and which can manifest with different types of exhanthems in humans. However, most rickettsia...

The recent global (re)emergence of arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses), such as chikungunya and Zika virus, was widely reported in the media as though it was a new phenomenon. This is not the case. Arboviruses and other human microbial pathogens have been (re)emerging for centuries. The major difference today is that arbovirus emergence and dispersion are more rapid and geographically extensi...

It is important for the clinician to remember that vector-transmitted bacteria and protozoa have a very long evolutionary history, which spans millions of years. Many vector-borne organisms, such as Anaplasma, Babesia, Bartonella, Ehrlichia, Leishmania and Rickettsia species have an intracellular and intravascular life style, which for certain organisms are obligate in nature. Obviously, this m...

The morbidity and mortality of vector-borne diseases is closely linked to exposure of the human host to vectors. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of individual exposure to arthropod bites by investigation of the specific immune response to vector saliva would make it possible to monitor individuals at risk of vectorial transmission of pathogens. The objective of this study was to evaluat...