Development, characterization, and quality assurance of advanced x-ray imaging technologies require phantoms that are quantitative and well suited to such modalities. This note reports on the design, construction, and use of an innovative phantom developed for advanced imaging technologies (e.g., multi-detector CT and the numerous applications of flat-panel detectors in dual-energy imaging, tom...

Physical anthropomorphic phantoms have been utilized for a variety of dosimet- ric studies across a range of procedures utilizing diagnostic imaging equipment. Unfortunately, these phantoms are often limited to a single reference size, which often may not be representative of the patient population at large. This work set out to develop an adipose tissue-equivalent substitute material that coul...

The delivery of accurate proton dose for clinical trials requires that the appropriate conversion function from Hounsfield unit (HU) to relative linear stopping power (RLSP) be used in proton treatment planning systems (TPS). One way of verifying that the TPS is calculating the correct dose is an end-to-end test using an anthropomorphic phantom containing tissue equivalent materials and dosimet...

Localizing stroke may be critical for elucidating underlying pathophysiology. This study proposes a ridge regression–meanshift (RRMS) framework using electromagnetic signals obtained from 16 antennas placed around the anthropomorphic head phantom. A total of 608 intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic (IS) are collected evaluated RRMS, where each type signal contains two different diameters...

Verification of calculated lung dose in an anthropomorphic phantom is performed using two dosimetry media. Dosimetry is complicated by factors such as variations in density at slice interfaces and appropriate position on CT scanning slice to accommodate these factors. Dose in lung for a 6 MV and 10 MV anterior-posterior field was calculated with a collapsed cone convolution method using an ADAC...

The human body is vulnerable to exposure ionizing radiation permanently. These radiations can be of natural origin such as soil and space, or artificial medical origins etc. Despite the great benefits that come from applications in life turn at any time into threats population once there serious radiation. aim this work assess risks by gamma using Monte Carlo simulation an anthropomorphic phant...

Entrance skin dose (ESD) is an important parameter for assessing the dose received by a patient in a single radiographic exposure. The most useful way to evaluate ESD is either by direct measurement on phantoms using an ionization chamber or using calculations based on a mathematical model. We compared six phantoms (three anthropomorphic, two physical, and one mathematical) in 11 standard clini...