Pain was acknowledged as a member of five vital signs. In clinical practice, anesthetic was used to alleviate pain for cancer patients undergoing surgery. Previous studies showed anesthetic sensitivity varied significantly in different races or ethnics, suggesting that anesthetic dose should be considered for individual analgesia. However, molecular mechanism of anesthetic sensitivity is still ...

Local anesthetics are commonly used medications and can result in adverse reactions. The diagnostic workup of local anesthetic reactions remains controversial. This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of skin testing for local anesthetic allergy evaluation. A retrospective chart review was performed on patients undergoing local anesthetic skin testing. Patients were included if th...

BACKGROUND Anesthetic blood solubility predicts pharmacokinetics for inhaled agents and is essential for determination of blood anesthetic concentrations from end-tidal gas concentrations using Henry's Law. Though used to model anesthetic effects in humans, there are limited interspecies solubility comparisons that include modern haloethers. This study aimed to measure hematocrit-adjusted blood...

Continuous monitoring of the anesthetic drug dosage administered during a surgery is very important to avoid the patient's interoperative awareness due to inadequate levels of anesthesia. The traditional methods of assessing the anesthetic depth levels which are based on the qualitative physical signs such as heart rate, blood pressure, pupil size, sweating, etc are not very accurate as these a...

Objective: To describe the optimal anesthetic management of patients with brain injury, with emphasis on the support of oxygen delivery to the brain, and the effects of anesthetic agents on cerebral perfusion. Data sources: Clinical and experimental studies from both the human and veterinary neuroanesthesia literature. Summary: The management of patients following primary traumatic brain injury...

BACKGROUND There is poor experimental evidence concerning the effects of anesthetic doses of the noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine on rodents' memory abilities. The current study was designed (1) to investigate the consequences of posttraining administration of anesthetic ketamine (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally) on rats' recognition memory and (2) to evaluate the ab...

Selecting the appropriate anesthetic protocol for the individual animal is an essential part of laboratory animal experimentation. The present study compared the characteristics of four anesthetic protocols in mice, focusing on the vital signs. Thirty-two male ddY mice were divided into four groups and administered anesthesia as follows: pentobarbital sodium monoanaesthesia; ketamine and xylazi...

OBJECTIVE To compare intraosseous anesthesia (IA) with the conventional oral anesthesia techniques. MATERIAL AND METHOD A simple-blind, prospective clinical study was carried out. Each patient underwent two anesthetic techniques: conventional (local infiltration and locoregional anesthetic block) and intraosseous, for respective dental operations. In order to allow comparison of IA versus con...

Volatile anesthetics affect all cells and tissues tested, but their mechanisms and sites of action remain unknown. To gain insight into the cellular activities of anesthetics, we have isolated genes that, when overexpressed, render Saccharomyces cerevisiae resistant to the volatile anesthetic isoflurane. One of these genes, WAK3/TAT1, encodes a permease that transports amino acids including leu...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the suitability of five different anesthetic protocols (isoflurane, isoflurane–xylazine, pentobarbital, ketamine–xylazine, and ketamine–xylazine–vecuronium) for functional blood flow imaging in the rat eye. Total retinal blood flow was measured at a series of time points using an ultrahigh-speed Doppler OCT system. Additionally, each anesthetic protocol ...