One of the grand goals of historical biogeography is to understand how and why species' population sizes and distributions change over time. Multiple types of data drawn from disparate fields, combined into a single modelling framework, are necessary to document changes in a species's demography and distribution, and to determine the drivers responsible for change. Yet truly integrated approach...

This chapter proposes an analytic approach for the study of ICTs in contentious politics and human rights advocacy. By applying the analytical frames of contingency and hybridity to study design, this approach aims to promote empirical analyses, strengthen data comparability, and improve understanding into how human rights activists strategically combine digital and grounded communications to r...

With the great advances in ancient DNA extraction, genetic data are now obtained from geographically separated individuals from both present and past. However, population genetics theory about the joint effect of space and time has not been thoroughly studied. Based on the classical stepping-stone model, we develop the theory of Isolation by distance and time. We derive the correlation of allel...

Previous research on multiplicative reasoning has shown that for whole numbers, understanding of division is intimately linked to multiplication, as retrieval of division facts is often accomplished through reverse multiplication. We recently extended this research to rational numbers, and found that inverse multiplication problems can serve as primes for one another (e.g., a × b/a = a primes b...

Most physicians believe that to provide the best possible care to their patients, they must commit to continuous learning. For the most part, it appears the learning activities currently available to physicians do not provide opportunities for meaningful continuous learning. At the same time there have been increasing concerns about the quality of health care, and a variety of groups within org...

Worth Estes's main interest lies in why and how ancient physicians used drugs to combat their patients' ailments. He considers the role of the physician in ancient Egypt, from Imhotep (deified by later generations as an Egyptian god of medicine) to the general practitioners. The two main sources of evidence for medicine in ancient Egypt are the medical papyri and the archaeological information ...

KEY FINDINGS Data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, 2012 •Physician office visit rates for well care were lower for school-aged (those aged 6-11 years) children (31 per 100 population) and adolescents aged 12-17 years (29 per 100 population) than for younger children (349 and 74 per 100 population for children under age 1 year and 1-5 years, respectively). •Visit rates for well ...

The second step is information. It should be clear, simple and repetitive, keeping in mind that we only hear what interests us. Therefore, it is important to repeat and repeat, with different approaches, again and again. A well informed patient is better equipped to assume the treatment. The information is completely our responsibility; it should be verbal, written and visual1-3. It should be n...