The nasopharyngeal tonsil, or adenoid, is a lympho epithelial organ situated in a critical anatomical position i.e., the roof and posterior wall of nasopharynx. The adenoid is closely related to nasopharyngeal orifice of the Eustachian tube and paranasal sinuses ostia, particularly the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses. The adenoid being a component of Waldeyer ring possesses particular immunologica...

A BRIEF review of present concepts of the fate of the primary complex may serve as a useful introduction to the problem of treating the infant or child with asymptomatic primary tuberculosis. The primary lesion persists for months and gradually disappears, usually leaving calcification in the site of the primary foens and the corresponding lymph nodes. In most instances recovery is uneventful d...

OBJECTIVE. Reliable indicators of the risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in superficial esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (sESCC: intramucosal and submucosal invasive carcinoma) may contribute to assist optimal clinical decision-making for treating sESCC. In esophageal cancer, there is a possibility of metastasis, even in sESCC, and careful evaluation is needed when making a pathological diag...

Fascioliasis is an important zoonotic disease with approximately 2-4 million people infected worldwide and a further 180 million at risk of infection. F. hepatica can survive within the bile ducts for many years through its ability to suppress the host immunity with Fasciola cathepsin L1 cysteine protease and Glutathione S transferase playing an important role. The aim of the present study is t...