Hepatic gluconeogenesis during fasting results from gluconeogenic gene activation via the glucagon-cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway, a process whose dysregulation underlies fasting hyperglycemia in diabetes. Such transcriptional activation requires epigenetic changes at promoters by mechanisms that have remained unclear. Here we show that GCN5 functions both as a histone acetyltransferase (H...

The carnitine acetyltransferase and glutamate dehydrogenase activities of guinea-pig liver and other tissues were estimated. Both enzymes are wholly mitochondrial, and can only be fully observed after disruption of the mitochondrion. Triton X-100 (0.1%) or freeze-drying revealed more activity than other methods tried. In mitochondria prepared and suspended in 0.25m-sucrose and in cell cytoplasm...

In this paper, the purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of human carnitine acetyltransferase are reported. Recombinant human carnitine acetyltransferase crystals were grown by the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method and belong to the orthorhombic space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 137.65, b = 84.76, c = 57.65 A and one molecule per a...

One mechanism of plasmid-mediated resistance to gentamicin in Escherichia coli strains isolated from animals is due to the synthesis of the aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase type IV. A second mechanism of plasmid-mediated resistance to gentamicin was detected in animal strains of E. coli in France and is due to the production of the aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase type II. The molecular...

Conditions of achieving the maximal accumulation of sulfhydryl metabolites in the leaves of tobacco were explored. Simultaneous production of bacterial O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase and serine acetyltransferase resulted in the increased thiols contents as compared to single transformants and controls. However, leaf discs feeding experiments differently affected thiols concentration in different ...

The cfiA gene is clustered in a bicistronic operon encoding an N-acetyltransferase and an O-acetyltransferase related to resistance markers. This genetic context, exclusively found in strains of Bacteroides fragilis division II, has been highly rearranged by the successive integration of two new mobile sequences, a miniature element and ISBf9. Besides that, among the DNA polymorphisms detected ...

Objective. To determine the predictive value of genetic polymorphism N-arylacetyltransferase-2 (NAT-2) gene for assessing risk postoperative adhesive intestinal obstruction in children. Methods. In all children (36 with (main group) and 35 planned patients (comparative group)) acetylation genotype was studied by detecting point mutations NAT-2 using allele-specific amplification method analysis...

SIRT3 (sirtuin 3) modulates respiration via the deacetylation of lysine residues in electron transport chain proteins. Whether mitochondrial protein acetylation is controlled by a counter-regulatory program has remained elusive. In the present study we identify an essential component of this previously undefined mitochondrial acetyltransferase system. We show that GCN5L1 [GCN5 (general control ...

Pineal indoleamine N-acetyltransferase activity in homogenates is rapidly reduced at pH 6.8 by treatment with cystamine or arginine vasotocin. Other disulfides including glutathione disulfide, penicillamine disulfide, and N,N'-diacetylcystamine are either ineffective or less effective. The diamine analogous to cystamine, diaminohexane, is also ineffective. Inactivation by cystamine is accelerat...

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sigma1278b contains the MPR1 gene encoding N-acetyltransferase, which detoxifies the L-proline analog L-azetidine-2-carboxylate (AZC). Of 131 yeasts tested, AZC acetyltransferase activity was detected in 17 strains of 41 strains that showed AZC resistance. Degenerate-PCR analysis revealed that two strains, i.e., Candida saitoana AKU4533 and Wickerhamia...