Gut microbial dysbiosis has been reported in patients with lupus. Results obtained mouse models suggest that contributes to lupus pathogenesis through the pathobionts induce inflammation by translocating out of gut and/or producing proinflammatory metabolites. We and others have shown fecal microbiota transfers (FMT) from lupus-prone mice induced autoantibodies immune activation non-a...

A simple and novel method for the direct determination of 2-deoxy D-glucose (2DG) is developed, using a hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD). Altech Altima HP HILIC column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5μ particles) was used along with the mobile phase consisted of water and acetonitrile in a linear inverse gradient elution. The proposed method is ca...

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) has a poor prognosis despite novel biological targeted therapies. Tumor aggressiveness and poor survival may correlate with tumor grade at diagnosis and with complex metabolic alterations, also involving glucose and lipid metabolism. However, currently no grade-specific metabolic therapy addresses these alterations. Here we used primary cell cultures from...

Cytochrome c (cyt. c) is a proapoptotic factor that binds preferentially to cardiolipin (CL), a mitochondrial lipid, but not to cardiolipin hydroperoxide (CL-OOH). Cyt. c that had bound to CL liposomes was liberated on peroxidation of the liposomes by a radical. The generation of CL-OOH in mitochondria occurred before the release of cyt. c in rat basophile leukaemia (RBL)2H3 cells that had been...

Hindbrain catecholaminergic neurons are key participants in systemic glucoregulation. However, the specific subpopulations critical for glucoregulatory function have not been fully identified. Here we used in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to investigate effects of glucoprivation on expression of the gene for the catecholamine biosynthetic enzyme, dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH), t...

Ever since vagotomy became an important part of modern peptic ulcer surgery, investigators have searched for a test that would reliably indicate the completeness of vagus nerve section. The insulin hypoglycemia test, originally advocated by Hollander [8], has remained the most widely utilized test for the completeness of vagotomy, but despite several modifications it’s reliability has been ques...

Physical exercise promotes glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and makes the working muscles more sensitive to insulin. To understand the role of insulin receptor (IR) signaling in these responses, we studied the effects of exercise and insulin on skeletal muscle glucose metabolism and insulin signaling in mice lacking insulin receptors specifically in muscle. Muscle-specific insulin receptor k...

Adult male fatty and lean rats of Zucker strain were given access ad libitum to either a single nutritionally complete diet, or a self-selection regime with separate sources of three macronutrients, protein (casein), fat (hydrogenated coconut oil), and carbohydrate (sucrose). Animals on the single diet were fed on a powdered stock diet, and then switched to the self-selection regime. Energy int...

Arachidonic acid (AA) has recently been shown to influence various cellular functions in the central nervous system. Here we report that AA increases, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, 2-deoxy-D-[1-3H]glucose ([3H]2DG) uptake in primary cultures of astrocytes prepared from the cerebral cortex of neonatal mice. This effect is mimicked by an unsaturated fatty acid such as linolenic a...

The preferential use of aerobic glycolysis for energy production by cancer cells, a phenomenon known as the 'Warburg effect', is well recognized and is being considered for therapeutic applications. However, whether inhibition of glycolysis will be effective in all types of cancer is unclear. The current study shows that a glycolytic inhibitor, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), exhibits the cytotoxic ef...