The common coins in circulation in Pakistan are of denominations 1, 2 and 5 rupees. Rupee 1 coin (composed of bronze and aluminum and brownish in color) and Rupee 2 coin (composed of brass and aluminum and yellowish in color) were issued in September 1998 by State Bank. While rupee 5 coin (composed of copper and nickel and white in color) was issued later in December 2002. These coins, by compo...

Coin which act as the basic need of the human being and today life of human beings depends solely on machines so the detection and recognition of coin is very important rather than counting coins manually. One can easily detect and recognize the coins by using various techniques. This paper focuses on the variety of techniques that have being used to detect and recognize the coins of different ...

Problems of detecting two (or one of two) irregular coins x and y among a set of n coins are considered. The testing device is such that it returns feedback 1 if x belongs to the test set and y does not, while it returns feedback 0 otherwise. We present a lower bound on the worst-case number of tests necessary to nd one of the two irregular coins as well as on the worst-case number of tests to ...

Considered is the set-up of availability of n coins and the possibility of at the most one of these coins being counterfiet in the sense of possessing slightly more or slightly less weight than that of the rest, though all the coins have remarkably identical appearance ! There has been considerable interest in the underlying combinatorial problem of checking the existence of such a coin and ide...

In this paper, given a balance scale and the information that there are exactly two different defective coins present, the authors consider the problem of ascertaining the minimum number of testing which suffice to determine the two different defective coins in a set of k coins in same appearance, and here k P 3. A testing algorithm for all the possible values of k is constructed, and the testi...

God does not play dice. He flips coins instead.” And though for some reason He has denied us quantum bit commitment. And though for some reason he has even denied us strong coin flipping. He has, in His infinite mercy, granted us quantum weak coin flipping so that we too may flip coins. Instructions for the flipping of coins are contained herein. But be warned! Only those who have mastered Kita...

We begin by examining balanced vs. unbalanced coins, where the coins stand for statistical assumptions. Assume we have two coins, a balanced coin r with distribution r0 = 1 2 and r1 = 1 2 , and an unbalanced coin p with distribution p1 = 1 2 + and p0 = 1 2 − . This scenario is equivalent to the inspection of a given assumption, trying to figure out whether it is random or better than random. We...

We describe the application of synchrotron X-ray diffraction and neutron micro-tomography to three ancient bronze coins from the Mediterranean coast of Israel. Key questions are whether neutron tomography can contribute to the reading of features on corroded coins by allowing the corrosion crust to be stripped away in cyber-space using surface and volume rendering techniques, and to what extent...