PREMISE OF THE STUDY Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed in Vinca minor (Apocynaceae) to evaluate the level of clonality, population structure, and genetic diversity of the species within its native and introduced range. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 1371 microsatellites were found in 43,565 reads from 454 pyrosequencing of genomic V. minor DNA. Additional microsatellite loci w...

2014 The possibility of forming Langmuir monolayers with disc-like molecules of benzene-hexa-alkanoates has been investigated for the first time. Surface pressure measurements show that these monolayers behave in many respects as the well-known films of fatty acids. The benzene ring plays the role of the polar head group while the alkanoates chains are the long aliphatic tails. Molecular dimens...

We explore the expressivity of constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) in the arithmetic circuit model. While CSPs are known to yield VNP-complete polynomials in the general case, we show that for different restrictions of the structure of the CSPs we get characterizations of different arithmetic circuit classes. In particular we give the first natural non-circuit characterization of VP, the cl...

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How do migratory birds, herding dogs, and navigating sea turtles do the amazing things that they do? For hundreds of years, scientists and philosophers have struggled over possible explanations. In time, one word came to dominate the discussion: instinct. It became the catch-all explanation for those adaptive and complex abilities that do not obviously result from learning or experience. Today,...

Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois. Corresponding Author: Navdeep S. Chandel, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611. Phone: 312-503-2549; Fax: 312-503-0411; E-mail: [email protected] doi: 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-14-1228 ©2014 American Association for Cancer Research. Summary: Mit...