This paper demonstrates the viability of wafer-level methods as a means of evaluating device reliability using special reliability test structures and process control monitors (PCM). The results presented illustrate how this methodology can be employed to rapidly and effectively assess the impact of process or material changes on over-all reliability. The wafer-level methodology provides a quic...

We develop a game theoretic model for studying when interconnected Internet Service Providers (ISP)s will decide to upgrade their networks. We are in particular interested in network upgrades to better accommodate real-time applications like voice over IP, but our game model is applicable to other types of upgrade. Achieving the full benefit from network upgrades requires that enough ISPs upgra...

In countries retaining capital punishment, delay before execution is usually measured in years. A major cause of delay is the inmate’s appeals to numerous tribunals. Excessive delay, even when caused by the prisoner, can form the basis of a human rights violation. The author points out that the human instinct to survive drives prisoners to appeal their death sentence. A state facilitating such ...

The paper argues that the last few decades have witnessed changes in how citizens are viewed in the UK and that these changes have implications for security risk governance. The paper identifies a shift from contract to tort law, and a related shift from a contract model of citizens to a tort model of citizens, or from a view of citizens as robust, rational risk-takers to vulnerable persons at ...