BACKGROUND In 2009, health-care reform was launched to achieve universal health coverage in China. A good understanding of how China's health reforms are influencing village doctors' income structure will assist authorities to adjust related polices and ensure that village doctors employment conditions enable them to remain motivated and productive. This study aimed to investigate the village d...

This study examines the feasibility of indirect solar desalination in oil producing countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It relies on value engineering (VE) and costbenefit with sensitivity analyses to identify optimal coupling configurations of desalination and solar energy technologies. A comparative return on investment was assessed as a function of water costs for va...

a s the U.S. healthcare system anticipates the requirements of legislated healthcare reform, front and center is the challenge of improving the U.S. healthcare value equation—the need to improve the value received for the health dollar spent. As is often the case, the psychology of change is at play here, whereby humans turn to what they know best as a response. As many health system leaders fa...

In this paper we argue that the equity-efficiency framework usually used by economists to analyse taxation, based on rational individual carefully calculating costs and benefits, is incomplete because it pays little attention social acceptability of taxation. This not deny individuals pursue their own self-interest, but say attitudes towards taxation are more complex than that. They also depend...

In most developing countries, and the Middle East region in particular, "Energy Subsidy" is an issue of special importance for policymakers. To this day, there are no conclusive results concerning possible impacts energy subsidies reform on economic growth. On basis, current study aims to examine growth Egypt. achieve study's objective, have been divided into following: a) indirect impacts: est...

Open enrollment in 2014 exceeded expectations for consumer participation. Even at this early stage, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) has significantly reduced the number of uninsured. Nevertheless, many consumers remain without coverage despite eligibility for Medicaid or subsidies to lower the cost of qualified health plans (QHPs) offered in health insurance marketplaces. O...

Plans to overhaul our nation’s health care system are gaining momentum. Both houses of Congress are drafting health reform bills, and the president has identified health care reform as a top domestic policy priority for his first year in office. The broad goals of these health care reform proposals include moving the nation toward universal coverage, improving quality of care, and slowing the r...

The Volcker task force on tax reform, part of the President’s Economic Recovery Advisory Board, faces a daunting task that is made materially more difficult by ex ante constraints placed on its purview and recommendations. Broad-based reform proposals seem to be out of the question, and distributional constraints appear to eliminate many serious ideas. Nevertheless, I believe that significant t...

Abstract One of the most important tasks in China’s supply-side structural reform is to effectively clean up zombie firms. Using industrial firm-level data China from 1998 2007, we identified firms Chinese sectors. Based on firms, measured survival duration and empirically studied effect fiscal subsidies by using analysis. Results revealed that significantly lengthened Specifically, not only re...