Over the past few years, the world has witnessed the final engagement in a long and costly war against smallpox. It now becomes increasingly clear that the war has been won, that smallpox has been totally and we hope irrevocably eliminated from among the plagues of mankind. The last stages of the war were necessarily global-that is, involving cooperation of many nations. The story is unusual in...

Osteomyelitis variolosa is an infection of bone and joints by smallpox virus variola major, most commonly in the elbows, wrists, ankles, hands, and feet. We report one such case in a 70-year-old woman who presented with deformities of the right knee, both elbows and ankles, and the left hand, and a history of childhood fever with rashes. Her lateral femoral condyle of the right knee was hypopla...

Groupers are valuable targets for artisanal and recreational fisheries in the Red Sea. The present study aimed to create first time a grouper database, including information on species composition, abundance distribution, length-weight relationships of from Twenty were collected three investigated sites; namely, Hurghada (site II) where landings showed most diversity with 18 species, Shalateen ...

Recovery from the transient pulmonary reaction which accompanies the nasal instillation of variola virus in mice was followed by a measurable protection against the homologous virus and also against vaccinia. Variola virus which regularly survived in the lung of normally susceptible mice through the 5th day was noticeably reduced in titer on the 3rd day in the lung of recovered animals, and usu...

Smallpox, a highly contagious infectious disease caused by the variola major virus, has an overall mortality rate of about 30%. Because there currently is no specific treatment for smallpox, and the only prevention is vaccination, there is an urgent need for the development of effective antiviral drugs. The dual specificity protein phosphatase encoded by the smallpox virus (H1) is essential for...

The absence of herd immunity to orthopoxviruses and the concern that variola or monkeypox viruses could be used for bioterroristic activities has stimulated the development of therapeutics and safer prophylactics. One major limitation in this process is the lack of accessible human orthopoxvirus infections for clinical efficacy trials; however, drug licensure can be based on orthopoxvirus anima...