The following therapies may be considered medically necessary for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH/ WHO Group 1):  ambrisentan (LETAIRIS®) oral;  bosentan (TRACLEER®) oral;  epoprostenol sodium (e.g., FLOLAN®) continuous IV infusion;  Iloprost (VENTAVIS®) Inhalation via nebulizer;  macitentan (OPSUMIT®) oral;  riociguat (ADEMPAS®) oral;  sildenafil citrate (e.g., REV...

Background Chronic volume overload caused by insufficient cardiac valves is a well known pathomechanism to the development and progress of cardiac dilation. Recent studies suggest that PDE-5-inhibitors may have positive inotrope and cardioprotective effects. Nevertheless the long-term outcome of PDE-5 treatment in heart failure remains unknown. In this study we investigated the effects of chron...

In the title compound, C(21)H(15)N(7)O(6)·2C(3)H(7)NO·3H(2)O, the N(2),N(2')-bis-(3-nitro-benzyl-idene)pyridine-2,6-dicarbohydrazide and one water mol-ecule are located on a twofold rotation axis. The mol-ecules are connected by hydrogen bonds. One dimethylformamide molecule is disordered over two positions; the site occupancy factors are ca 0.8 and 0.2.

In the title compound, {[Zn(C(8)H(5)N(2)O(2)S)(2)]·3H(2)O}(n), the Zn(II) atom, lying on a twofold rotation axis, is four-coordinated by two S atoms and two O atoms from four 2-sulfido-1H-benzimidazol-3-ium-5-carboxyl-ate (H(2)mbidc) ligands in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry. Two H(2)mbidc ligands bridge two Zn(II) atoms, generating a double-chain along [[Formula: see text]01]. Adjacent chai...

Abstract Introduction Phosphodiesterase-type-5-inhibitors (PDE5i) represent first-line FDA-approved oral treatments for erectile dysfunction (ED). However, because their mode of action is dependent on the production nitric oxide (NO) from nerve endings, patients that suffer neurogenic ED (for example, following procedures radical prostatectomy (RP) or resulting diabetes) are commonly refractory...

BACKGROUND Ciprofloxacin is a commonly used antibiotic for urinary tract infection that interacts with bacterial topoisomerases leading to oxidative radicals generation and bacterial cell death. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEis), on the other hand, are commonly used drugs for the management of erectile dysfunction. The group includes agents such as sildenafil, vardenafil, and tadalafil. OB...

INTRODUCTION Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-i) are used for the oral treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Since the launch of sildenafil more than 15 years ago, new molecules have become available. At present, in addition to tadalafil and vardenafil, there are three other drugs, udenafil, avanafil and mirodenafil, marketed in some countries which appear to be promising. AREAS CO...