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background neurosurgical treatment and the severity of head injury (hi) can have remarkable effect on patients’ neuropsychiatric outcomes. objectives this research aimed to study the effect of these factors on cognitive functioning, general health and incidence of mental disorders in patients with a traumatic brain injury (tbi). patients and methods in this descriptive, longitudinal study, 206 ...

Introduction: Following a traumatic brain injury (TBI), the excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines is major cause of cerebral edema that can cause permanent neuronal loss. This study examined the changes in brain concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF- after different doses of estrogen or progesterone treatment in brain-injured rats at 6 and 24 h post...

Conflicting data have emerged regarding the role of complement activation in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia. On the basis of considerable evidence implicating inflammatory mediators in the progression of neonatal brain injury, we evaluated the contribution of complement activation to cerebral hypoxic-ischemic (HI) injury in the neonatal rat. To elicit unilateral forebrain HI injury, 7...

Aphasia (defined as the loss or impairment of language abilities following acquired brain injury) is strongly associated with damage to the left hemisphere in adults. This well-known finding has led to the hypothesis that the left hemisphere is innately specialized for language, and may be the site of a specific "language organ". However, for over a century we have known that young children wit...

We examine whether children with early unilateral brain injury show an IQ decline over the course of development. Fifteen brain injured children were administered an IQ test once before age 7 and again several years later. Post-7 IQ scores were significantly lower than pre-7 IQ scores. In addition, pre-7 IQ scores were lower for children with larger lesions, but children with smaller lesions an...

Sweating Disorders after Traumatic Brain injury are common with multifactorial causes including injuries, tumours, infarcts or haemorrhages of the brain or medulla. Irritation of the central or peripheral nervous system may lead to an unexplainable spectrum of sweating ranging from anhidrosis to hyperhidrosis. Stroke in the region of the cerebral hemispheres, hypothalamus, pons & spinal cord ha...

In spite of its apparent symmetry, the spinal cord is asymmetric in reflexes and gene expression patterns including leftward bias opioid glutamate genes. To examine whether this a general phenomenon for neurotransmitter neurohormonal genes, we here characterized co-expression (transcriptionally coordinated) genes renin–angiotensin system (RAS) that involved neuroprotection pathological neuropla...

Brain cholesterol homeostasis has been shown to be disrupted in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases. Investigations in animal models of seizure-induced brain injury suggest that brain cholesterol levels are altered by prolonged seizures (status epilepticus) and are a feature of the pathophysiology of temporal lobe epilepsy. The present study measured hippo...